This paper considers Carl Schmitt’s and Martin Heidegger’s Nazism and their apologetic receptions among the broadly post-structuralist intellectual Left, as a critical illustration of the unsettling prescience of Lukács’ often-maligned 1950s analyses of irrationalism in theory, and its historical connections to fascism. It does this by positioning Lukács’ Marxian position in pointed contrast to the more recent apologetics that have widely surrounded these thinkers’ Nazism. We revisit Lukács’ reading of Heidegger in DR, and, his reading of Schmitt. These parts show how Lukács’ critiques were able already in the early 1950s to lucidly diagnose the two thinkers’ Nazism, by building upon an historically materialist analysis of the politico-economic factors in later 19th century-early 20th century Germany, and situating Heidegger and Schmitt within a lineage of German irrationalism which responded to these factors. We contend that the predominant responses from poststructuralist-influenced thinkers to the disclosures of the political stances of Schmitt and Heidegger, far from allowing critical thinkers to adequately conceive and combat the ideas underlying National Socialism and kindred political forms today, illustrate what Lukács in DR described as an immanent tendency within irrationalism towards apologetics, a narrowing of scope, and a decline in scholarly standards, whose prospects for the socialist Left are at best ambivalent.


The Society for Philosophy in the Contemporary World


Senior Researcher, Great Champ Technologies, Gurgaon

Praxis International Journal of Social Science and Literature

The partition between methods of research in natural and social sciences was one of the most significant events in the history of philosophy of science. However, the cleavage between science and social sciences has only widened while the subjects are interdigitated in their operations. This cleavage is widened by political ideologies like fascism that use pseudoscience as a tool to control critical thinking abilities of the masses. This helps in maintaining the status quo and helps direct the societal development only to the extent of favoring the personal vendetta of the fascist.

Pseudoscience
Ideology
Status quo
Politics
Cleavage (geology)
Nexus (standard)
Partition (number theory)
Social science
Social control
Sociology
Epistemology
Political science
Law
Philosophy
Engineering
Mathematics
Medicine


Research Fellow Institut Phoenix, Ljubljana, Slovenia

Academicus International Scientific Journal

The concept of fascism has been defined quite precisely by researchers in the field of political science and sociology, who also defined its main features or characteristics. However, with the word fascism (and its derivatives, e.g. fascists, fascist…) members of the left often label their opponents, thus, this is word is often misused. In essence, fascism is a word that has become synonymous with the word totalitarianism. With the analysis that was based on similar characteristics we concluded that totalitarianisms of both poles (if the classical left–right political spectrum is applied) exhibit more common features than, for instance, totalitarianisms and classical dictatorships, which are also often called fascist or semi-fascist regimes. Thus, German Nazism (often also presented as one of the forms of fascism) and Russian Bolshevism (as one of the extremes forms of socialism) or Titoism in Yugoslavia have more in common than e.g. German Nazism and Pinochet’s dictatorship in Chile or the dictatorship of colonels in Greece (both also frequently referred to as fascistic regimes or semi-fascist regimes). Using the word fascism is often not so much about denoting the actual content as it is more for political propaganda and slandering the opponent. If it was based on actual characteristics, fascism (fascist, fascists…) could become an adjective to denote all totalitarianisms (left fascism, right-wing fascism, Islamic fascism…).

Dictatorship
Nazism
German
Politics
Socialism
Adjective
History
Literature
Sociology
Law
Political science
Philosophy
Linguistics
Communism
Democracy
Art


Brazilian Integralism as a Variant of Fascism

Instituto de Ciências Sociais da Universidade de Lisboa

The existence of fascism outside of Europe is something that the majority of researchers now takes for granted, being the Brazilian AIB one of the cases that is generally seen as a manifestation of this phenomenon in the American continent. However, all the recent studies did not exhaust the pertinence of a detailed analysis focused on the ideology of this movement within the scope of studies about “generic fascism”. For this reason, the goal of this essay is to approach the ideology of the AIB as a manifestation of fascism, seeking to establish in a more thorough way which were the components that allow for us to insert it in the wider phenomenon to which Hitler and Mussolini also belonged, as well as the elements that made it a variety with unique characteristics. Thus, using the conceptual morphological approach, this essay first presents an ideological pattern of “generic fascism” composed of six core concepts (nation, state, synthesis, revolution, authority and violence), and then proceeds to a close reading of texts written by integralists like Plínio Salgado, Miguel Reale e Gustavo Barroso with the goal of finding in them the same concepts and the way how they interlink, creating some meanings which are common to the generic pattern, as well as other that are unique to the Brazilian variety. Keywords: Fascism; Integralism; Ideology.


This article aims to unfold Peter Sloterdijk’s hypothesis, in “Critique of Cynical Reason,” according to which the emergence of fascism is due to the establishment of a cynical ethic in culture – a modern cynicism, a bastard offspring of the combative Greek cynicism. To this end, it will be necessary to rescue the figure of Diogenes, the ancient philosopher, his relationship with the social body and his ethic of “truth-telling.” Next, we intend to outline what would be an aesthetic of fascism from its cynical bases, adapted to social logic – such as the character Peachum, by Bertolt Brecht, and the Nephew, by Denis Diderot – to finally bring such an aesthetic closer to the mode of government of fascism.


About the Psychological Nature of Fascism

Психология и Психотехника

The article analyzes the psychological basis of fascism. Fascism is interpreted as an ideology not of maximizing power and control, but of absolutization of inequality. The probability of the role of Kant's "categorical imperative" principle in its formation is substantiated. Kant denied the affinity of human consciousness (mind) with the Transcendent. Therefore, the categorical imperative, being the maximalism of self-blind submission to a "duty" arbitrarily set by a person for himself, is a form of self-violence over his mind. Establishing morality for himself, a person inevitably feels his exclusivity, elitism, realizes himself as the creator and owner of morality (and even "God himself"). This attitude is obviously inherent in the fascist personality. At the same time, the lack of reflection and self-criticism leads to self-encapsulation and, consequently, to self-abasement, experiencing oneself as a "Victim". The pseudo-moral experience of being a victim is the hidden core of the fascized personality. The self-pity of the "Victim", without changing its essence, can expand and extend to the collective "I", to "my own". This is how empathy arises, which, spreading to its community: nation, race, and becomes the basis of group egoism. Empathy among adherents of fascism can play a big role, since empathy for "their own" replaces morality as a single moral norm.

Morality
Reflexive pronoun
Empathy
Psychology
Apperception
Social psychology
Epistemology
Philosophy
Cognitive psychology


What Varaždin high school students know and think about fascism and anti-fascism?

Hrvatska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti - Zavod za znanstveni rad u Varaždinu

In this paper, the author presents the results of a survey conducted electronically from the beginning of March to the end of May 2021 among students of nine high schools in Varaždin on their knowledge and attitudes about fascism and anti-fascism. The survey consisted of 20 questions, and the answers were given by 356 students. This paper does not bring critiques or suggestions of the history curriculum for high schools, but presents some of its results. Special attention was paid to the events marking the 80th anniversary of the persecution of Jews in Varaždin (1941-2021), which were held during July 2021.

Persecution
Curriculum
Pedagogy
Sociology
History
Political science
Psychology
Law
Politics


Fascism and Paranoia in the Market of Information

My paper is a theoretical exploration bringing together psychoanalysis, political theory and media studies to show how conspiracy media are expressions of paranoia that, in their attempts to resolve the contradictions present in liberalism, necessarily reproduce fascist ideology. Alternative political cultures and neoliberal media structures are posing increasingly greater challenges to the ideological authority of liberal institutions, exposing media users to the contradictions inherent in liberal democracy. Paranoia in the Lacanian structure is characterised by the radical rejection of the authoritative signifier, substituting this authority with some other, usually malevolent, omnipotent authority via a delusion. In substituting this authority, the newly formed reality retains investment in the signifiers of the old symbolic order but is imbued with new meaning. Fascism has been argued to be an ideology that attempts to purify the contradictions of liberal democracy, by either privileging the popular will over the rights of the individual or privileging the rights of the individual over the popular will. In my paper I draw on existing Lacanian analysis of fascism as containing a paranoid structure where, in confrontation with its failures, radically rejects the traditional authority of liberalism, resulting in the substitution of authority with some imagined corruptive obstruction (such as a Jewish cabal). As such, it is an ideology that distorts and gives new meaning to the discourse of liberal democracy. I will then link this argument to contemporary conspiracy theory media, demonstrating its paranoid character and how it reproduces the ideology of fascism in its attempts to reconcile the failures of liberalism by imagining some corruptive obstruction.

Paranoia Psychology Psychoanalysis Psychiatry


University of Northampton https://dx.doi.org/6087 Northampton UK

Abstract The sixth annual convention of the International Association for Comparative Fascist Studies ( COMFAS ) took place from 6 to 8 October 2023 and this year was hosted by Central European University in Vienna. The event, organised by Antonio Costa Pinto alongside COMFAS Presidents Aristotle Kallis and Constantin Iordachi, fostered an important, constructive space to discuss research, both in formal panels and keynote sessions, as well as informally across the three days. The theme year was ‘Paramilitarism in Fascism and the Radical Right’, a field that allowed for a wide range of time periods and approaches to the topic to be explored.

Convention
Theme (computing)
Constructive
Event (particle physics)
Radical right
History
Field (mathematics)
Space (punctuation)
Political science
Sociology
Law
Politics
Philosophy
Linguistics
Mathematics
Computer science


Bourgeoisie
Rhetoric
Petite bourgeoisie
Sociology
History
Political science
Philosophy
Law
Linguistics
Politics


Scenes of Berlin: Fascism and Anti-Fascism in Toronto during the Summer of 1938

Canadian Jewish Studies / Études juives canadiennes

Four significant fascist rallies took place in Toronto in the summer of 1938: John Ross Taylor’s Canadian Union of Fascists, Joseph Farr’s Nationalist Party, and then two rallies to establish the National Unity Party—a national fascist party fusing Farr’s group, Adrien Arcand’s Quebec-based Parti National Social Chrétien, and other fascist groups from across the country. This article examines thesefascist groups and their rallies, as well as the anti-fascist resistance. It focuses on the protests organized by the Provisional Anti-Fascist Committee consisting of the League for a Revolutionary Workers’ Party, the Toronto Libertarian Group, and working-class Jewish organizations. In examining these actors and events, the article seeks to demonstrate the complex dynamic of coordination and competition amongst fascist and anti-fascist actors.

History
Media studies
Art history
Sociology


Fascism, Strongmen, Populism, and Football

Populism
Football
Politics
Framing (construction)
Political science
Context (archaeology)
Media studies
Political economy
Sociology
Aesthetics
Law
History
Philosophy


Empire
Ancient history
History
Art
Political science


Addressing Fascism: A New Politics of Experience?

Department of Communication, Modesto Junior College, Modesto Junior College, 435 College Ave., Modesto, CA 95350, USA

Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

(1) Background: The rise of fascism in American and, indeed, throughout the world, prompts a question: why does fascism remain persistent in human existence? The question is one that Karl Jaspers might have asked regarding the origin and goal of history. The political description of fascism is not adequate to describe the lived experience of those drawn to it, and to assume such people to be irrational does not suffice. Rather, culture provides semiotic structure, which is phenomenologically embodied by people in a Mitwelt. (2) Results: Perhaps what is needed is not a political description of fascism but a communicological analysis that proceeds as a semiotic phenomenology of fascism as it is culturally embodied. Jaspers’ concept of evil frames fascism as colonialism turned against itself, disguised banally in such phenomena as Schadenfreude, as described by Lanigan. (3) I approach this question using a semiotic phenomenological method. (4) Conclusions: The fading colonial dominance in the form of cultural hegemony creates Laingian ontological insecurity and a desire for one’s inner fascist to identify itself in others. Addressing fascism requires new politics of experience.

Politics
Political science
Sociology
Law


Is rashism a form of fascism? Comparison of definitions

The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies

The article aims to compare the concept of “rashism” with fascism. The term “rashism” gained popularity after the Russian invasion of Ukraine and is understood as a synthesis of the “Russian spirit” with fascism, which is believed to be the cause of the aggressive and imperial policies of the Russian Federation. By reviewing the proposed definitions of rashism, alongside definitions of fascism and fascist source texts, and examining Vladimir Putin’s speeches, the article concludes with a critical assessment that challenges the validity of the rashism concept.


Provocations on the Liberal Onto-Epistemology of Fascism

Liberalism
Democracy
Sociology
Liberal democracy
Classical liberalism
White (mutation)
Function (biology)
Epistemology
Philosophy
Law
Political science
Politics


Colonialism
Ideology
Newspaper
Sociology
History
Politics
Perspective (graphical)
Gender studies
Anthropology
Ethnology
Aesthetics
Political science
Media studies
Law
Art
Archaeology
Visual arts


THE CONCEPT OF AESTHETICIZATION OF POLITICS IN THE IDEOLOGY OF FASCISM

The Bulletin of Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University Series Philosophy philosophies of law political science sociology

National University “Yaroslav the Wise Law Academy of Ukraine”

This research paper explores the peculiarities of the concept of aestheticization of politics in the ideology of fascism. The influence of the aesthetic on moral and political norms is determined, and the concept of aestheticization of politics proposed by V. Benjamin is distinguished. Along with this, the theoretical boundaries of this concept were expanded and its core element – the category of fascist style as a universal attribute of all socio-political life – was determined, its characteristic features were nuanced: courage, fearlessness, rebellion, heroism, adventurism, etc. The peculiarity of realizing the aesthetic perception of the state in the ideology of fascism was also theoretically dissected.

Ideology
Politics
Sociology
Epistemology
Aesthetics
Political science
Philosophy
Social science
Law


Teaching the difficult heritage of Italian Fascism

School of European Languages, Culture and Society, University College London, UK

Faculty of Arts, University of Groningen, The Netherlands

Department of History and Humanities, John Cabot University, Rome, Italy

Abstract In recent years, the architectural legacy and so-called ‘difficult heritage’ of Fascist Italy has become a flourishing field of research. These topics have also begun to make their way into the undergraduate classroom. To date, however, there has been little research carried out into the methods we use to teach the history of Fascism in particular. In this short article, we outline how we have applied problem-based learning and scenario-based learning approaches to tackle this topic. After presenting three assignments, we explain the benefits associated with a PBL/SBL approach, summarised under the headings of interdisciplinarity, creativity and authenticity, before highlighting some aspects on which colleagues may wish to reflect if they are considering adopting a similar approach in their teaching.

Flourishing
Creativity
Field (mathematics)
Sociology
History
Engineering ethics
Visual arts
Epistemology
Aesthetics
Psychology
Political science
Art
Law
Engineering
Philosophy
Social psychology


The Rise of Fascism in Italy: Versions and Critiques

A century ago, on October 28th Benito Mussolini and twenty thousand members of his National Fascist Party marched on Rome. Prime minister Luigi Facta assured the king that Italian armed forces could resist the few on the march and suggested declaring a state of emergency. King Victor Emmanuel III and his elite for two years had been watching with apprehension the rise of the communist left and sought a strong hand to curb disorders. Mussolini was counting on that and was quick to react. He receded from his socialist views and eagerly propounded his antisocialist ideology and vowed to put an end to antigovernmental strikes. Once Mussolini became prime minister, it marked the beginning of the formation of a totalitarian regime in Italy. At that time Italy was devastated by the war that ended with a Mutilated victory and was on the brink of bankruptcy. Mussolini exploited people’s sentiments of betrayal and dissatisfaction only to initiate rapprochement with Nazi Germany and draw the country into yet another war. In the recently published book on the rise of Mussolini, the authors clearly allude to the involvement of British money in the creation of the fascist party in Italy. Though British and French conservatives did transfer certain money to Mussolini, the proposed thesis is a clear exaggeration. It was the internal situation in Italy that gave rise to fascism. And today’s policy of the ruling coalition led by Giorgi Meloni does not coincide in any way with the signs of fascism listed by Umberto Eco.

Betrayal
Victory
Ideology
Communism
Elite
Nazism
State (computer science)
Law
Economic history
History
German
Decadence
Spanish Civil War
Politics
Political science


Fascism and the Tiny Hands of the Market

Institute of Philosophy of the Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts

In this essay, digital hibridity stands for the perpetual availability of life as both labour and debt for capital, both in real life and online. At the heart of these reflections is the realization that the digital is a regime in which finance capital believes it is finally free from any dependency on social reproduction. With the move from value to price, from labor to debt, from revolution to disruption, and from avant-garde to speculation, the digital evolved as the material of capital and the totality of the social has been replaced by the tidal liquidity of finance; immaterial labor, touching images on the screen, the rhizomatic panopticon of the Internet, shock-work on social media, and cryptocurrencies are all examples of the ways in which the digital and financial shadow each other. This new regime entails a series of conversions that change the ways in which meaning is organized—from the point of production to the point of realization, from strikes to riots, from working class to surplus populations, from solidarity to conspiracy, and from organization to petty sovereignty.


The Danger of Fascism in the United States

History
Political economy
Political science
Sociology


Dante’s Narrative in Italian Fascism and Post-Fascism: A Long-Lasting Linguistic and Critical Manipulation

Dante Alighieri wasn’t just a poet, a philosopher, and a theologian too, as demonstrated by Franke (1996; 2021; 2023). In fact, he was also a politician (Brando, 2023). In Italy, Dante was interpreted as an example by many movements. The Church, fighting modernism, praised him in the Manifesto medievalista (1914) by Gemelli (Bocci, 2011; Rossi, 2014). Pope Benedict XV, with In praeclara summorum (1921), ordered all Catholic schools to study Dante, ‘the most eloquent bard of Christian thought’. Moreover, the 1921 anniversary marked the appropriation of Dante by the Fascist Party, when 3.000 fascists marched on Ravenna. After some violent actions, they gathered in front of Dante Alighieri’s shrine, their ‘spiritual father’, and ‘an Italian by blood and heritage’ (Frassetto, 1933). Obviously, the enigmatic figure announced by Beatrice as ‘Cinquecento dieci e cinque’ (Purg. XXXIII) was then interpreted as the ‘Duce’ himself, i.e. DVX (Venturini, 1927; Albertini, 1996; Jossa, 2023), and Mussolini personally illustrated his interpretation of Dante in an interview by Orano (1928). Almost one hundred years later, in October 2022, in Italy, a Government led by the main post-Fascist party was elected, and a new Dante’s revival was ready to come. So, the Minister of Culture, Sangiuliano, recently declared Dante ‘the founding father of right-wing thought’ (Salvia, 2023). Maybe Sangiuliano’s surprising statement is not just a case of medievalism (Eco, 1986; Di Carpegna Falconieri, 2011; 2015; Holsinger, 2007), but something deeper, and more significative, as we’ll try to demonstrate by literary and linguistic means.

Narrative
Linguistics
History
Literature
Linguistic change
Computer science
Sociology
Art
Philosophy


CINEMA IN ITALY AND GERMANY: IN AN ERA OF FASCISM

Associate Professor, Centre for Historical Studies (CHS), Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU)

ShodhKosh Journal of Visual and Performing Arts

The rise of Fascism and Nazism in Italy and Germany respectively brought about several changes in filmmaking in those countries in the 1930s and the 1940s. The Nazis were aware of the use of cinema as an instrument of propaganda and established their cinema institutions and brought cinema under the control of the Ministry of Propaganda. The primary task of Nazis was to reshape the imagination and perception of the masses according to their persuasions. The Triumph of Will (1935), directed by Leni Riefenstahl, was the filmic referent of Hitler's glorification in colossal style; it was a product of her intimate relationship with Hitler and her Nazi affiliations. In Germany, due to state repression and persecution several left-wing and Jewish filmmakers fled to various European countries. In 1926 in Italy the production of newsreels and documentaries was nationalized by the government, bringing them under state control. The Italian cinema during the Fascist rule (1922-43) was traditionally seen as a cinema of propaganda. Recent research on the films produced in Italy during the Fascist period points out that only a few films can be called “Fascist”, a huge number have nationalist and patriotic themes. It can be argued that the number of films produced was less important than the production ideology i.e. thematic concerns and degree of association with Fascist ideals. Under the Fascist rule of Mussolini, the kind of cinema being created was detached from reality and aimed at promoting an excellent image of Italy. It can be argued that restricting the intelligentsia and masses to a particular genre or style of cinema, which was away from reality, shows the authoritarian attitude and censorship intentions of the Fascist state.

Movie theater
Political science
Art history
History
Economic history
Media studies
Sociology


POSITIVISM AGAINST FASCISM: THE BIFURCATIONS OF CONSERVATIVE POLITCS

en el empoderamiento político y manipulado de las masas

Diante da polissemia imputada aos termos positivismo e fascismo, este artigo tem como objetivo central ressaltar, no aspecto político, as

Mestre em Sociologia Política. Instituto Universitário de Pesquisas do Rio de Janeiro da Universidade Candido Mendes (IUPERJ -UCAM). Rua Joana Angélica, 63, Ipanema, Rio de Janeiro -RJ, CEP: 22420-30

Faced with the polysemy imputed to the terms positivism and fascism, this article aims to highlight, in the political aspect, the differences between the first and the second, although both are considered by many scholars to be expressions of an authoritarian conservative thought. Thus, it is necessary to present three specific objectives that elucidate two singularities and divergences, namely: the emphasis on the centralism of political leaderships, the quarrels regarding communist and socialist prerogatives, and the examination of the entry of the masses into the political context. Such objectives will be unfolded based on some aspects of Augusto Comte's political sociology and some vectors that characterize the modus operandi of fascism. It is hoped that this analysis will clarify that, while Comte's positivism is based on rationality, on the functionalism of ideas and on the limited participation of social strata, fascism is based on the excessive idealization of the historical context, on the intolerance of opposing political currents and in the political and manipulated empowerment of the masses.

Positivism
Political science
Philosophy
History
Epistemology


Lebanese Phalangism and fascism: history of a symbolic appropriation

Institute of Political Studies, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany

Ideology
Apologetics
Objectivism
Appropriation
Narrative
Sociology
Law
Political science
Epistemology
Philosophy
Politics
Linguistics


Andreu Nin on Fascism in Italy: Translator’s Introduction

Associate Professor, Department of Modern and Classical Language Studies, Kent State University Kent, Ohio USA

Bourgeoisie
Marxist philosophy
Petite bourgeoisie
Catalan
Argument (complex analysis)
State (computer science)
Power (physics)
Class (philosophy)
History
Literature
Philosophy
Sociology
Art
Humanities
Law
Political science
Epistemology
Politics


How to Stop Fascism: History – Ideology – Resistance

Theories and Methods of Social Work, Hochschule Bremen, Germany

Ideology
Resistance (ecology)
Media studies
Social work
Sociology
Art history
History
Political science
Law
Politics


Afterword: memory and the past: fascism, spectacle, history

Department of Sociology, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106 , USA

Appropriation
Dichotomy
Spectacle
Modernity
Aesthetics
The Imaginary
Collective memory
Literature
History
Sociology
Art
Philosophy
Law
Epistemology
Political science
Psychoanalysis
Psychology


Salvemini, militant historian, and his publications on Fascism

Fondazione Ernesto Rossi-Gaetano Salvemini, Florence, Italy

Dictatorship
Historiography
Militant
Complicity
Monarchy
Compromise
Law
Capital (architecture)
Sociology
History
Political science
Classics
Politics
Democracy
Ancient history


Modalities of Conjunctural Analysis: “Seeing the Present Differently” through Global Lenses

University of California Berkeley  Berkeley CA USA

University of the Witwatersrand  Johannesburg South Africa

University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA

University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Abstract The sub‐title of this essay refers to Antonio Gramsci's concept of “prevision”—understood as neither foresight nor prediction, but a method of political work that enables intervention in the present in order to change it. Prevision forms part of conjunctural analysis, which remains powerfully salient and urgent in our own time. Over the past decade attention to conjunctural analysis has surged across a number of disciplines. Yet some distinctly different modalities of conjunctural analysis are at play in this burgeoning work. The first two sections of this essay offer close readings of the conjunctural analyses of Gramsci and Stuart Hall; their respective relationships to the work of Louis Althusser; and the political work that conjunctural analysis was doing for each of them in relation to fascism and Thatcherism. Building on but moving beyond these analyses, the third section focuses on what it might mean to “globalise” conjunctural analysis in relation to the urgent challenges of the current conjuncture, in a way that sheds light on articulations of racist, gendered, sexualised, and other exclusionary and oppressive forms of difference in relation to class and capitalism.

Relation (database)
Politics
Sociology
Capitalism
Epistemology
Social science
Political science
Law
Philosophy
Computer science


Yuri Zhdanov about the Social Origins of Fascism

Южный федеральный университет

IZVESTIYA VUZOV SEVERO-KAVKAZSKII REGION SOCIAL SCIENCE


Comparative Study of Fascism and Ultra-Nationalism: Concept and Case

Department of Political Economy, King's College London, London, SE59NU, UK

Department of Government, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, WC2A2AE, UK

School of International and Public Affairs, Jilin University, Changchun, 130015, China

Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media

Fascism and ultra-nationalism are closely related, and while fascism absorbs ultra-nationalism, it is also different from it. Leaders played an important role in the transition from ultra-nationalism to fascism and the construction of fascism. The police order is a characteristic of fascism and a bridge between ultra-nationalism and fascism. By comparing the specific cases of German Nazis and Israel under the Religious Zionist Party and New Right, the key difference between fascism and ultra-nationalism is reflected in many aspects. This work will provide a new interpretation path for the integration and comparison of fascism and ultra-nationalism. As well as reference and inspiration for future research on the influence of leaders, ideologies and systems on the historical path of regime change and hierarchical order.

Nationalism
Nazism
Ideology
German
Interpretation (philosophy)
Political science
Sociology
Law
Religious studies
History
Philosophy
Politics


Native Fascism: Evansville’s 1948 Wallace Riot

ABSTRACT: In April 1948, Progressive Party presidential candidate Henry A. Wallace arrived in Indiana to much controversy. The conservative state did not welcome Wallace, and veterans’ organizations actively organized to disrupt his speaking engagements. On April 6, at the Progressive Party’s Evansville campaign event, a mob attacked Wallace supporters, causing injuries and pushing the isolated town into the national spotlight. In the wake of the riot, a local professor was fired for his involvement in the Wallace campaign, and the radical CIO Local 813 became the subject of U. S. House committee hearings. Anticommunist hysteria gripped the Evansville community. What happened in Evansville on April 6 was part of a populist fascism in the United States propelled by anti-communism and enacted by veterans’ organizations. While national politicians dominate histories of anti-communism, some of the greatest damage done during the 1940s and 1950s occurred when other Americans, specifically veterans’ groups, violated the constitutional rights of their fellow citizens.

Communism
State (computer science)
Politics
Presidential system
Law
Political science
Subject (documents)
History


‘FASCISM IN CATALONIA’ IN MERCE RODOREDA’S DEATH IN SPRING- A STUDY

Professor Department of English,  Karnataka State Akkamahadevi Women's University,  Vijayapura, Karnataka

Knowledgeable Research A Multidisciplinary Journal

Merece Rodoreda, a renowned Catalan writer, wrote Death in Spring while in exile during the Spanish Civil War. The novel portrays the impact of fascism through symbols and images. Fascism is a political or social system that cancels democratic freedom, prohibits and persecutes political parties, closes the freedom of press, expression, and eliminates leftist ideology. The totalitarian principle of unifying the people by way of imposing a single language and culture was exerted upon Catalonia during the dictatorship of Franco. The narrator, his parents, step-mother, his daughter, cudgel man, deformed men, prisoners, pregnant women, ironsmith, his son, Senyor, and all in the village are under some sort of oppression. This novel demonstrates fascism through the depiction of customs, social divisions, and their occupations symbolically throughout. It is not a gainsaying that fascism manifests itself in imprisoning, punishing, and killing those who are fighting for democracy.

Spring (device)
Art
Humanities
Ancient history
History
Engineering
Structural engineering


Perpetuating Fascism: Propaganda and the Temporality of Phonography

Historical Journal Of Film Radio and Television


Kamala is for they/them: liberalism, fascism, and nonsense

School of Media Studies, The New School , New York, NY, 10003,

School of Media Studies, The New School, New York, NY, 10003, United States

Nonsense
Liberalism
Philosophy
Psychoanalysis
Sociology
Religious studies
Political science
Law
Psychology
Politics
Biology


The German Diaspora and the Distribution of Fascism in the USA

НЕМЕЦКАЯ ДИАСПОРА И РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЕ ФАШИЗМА В США Е.С. ПолунинВ статье рассматриваются цели германских фашистов в отношении американских немцев, их образ в нацистской идеологии и пропаганде.Сравниваются требования национал социалистов в отношении немец кой диаспоры в США с реальным положением дел в области нацио нальной идентичности и единства, поддержки идеологии и политики нацизма.Дается характеристика социальной базы и особенностей ис тории нацистских организаций американских немцев.Ключевые слова: американские немцы, национал социализм, США, Германия, Германо американский бунд The article deals with the goals of the German fascists in relation to the Amer ican Germans, their image in Nazi ideology and propaganda.The demands of the National Socialists regarding the German diaspora in the USA are compared with the real state of affairs in the field of national identity and unity, support for the ideology and policies of Nazism.The characteristics of the social base and features of the history of the Nazi organizations of American Germans are given.

Diaspora
German
Distribution (mathematics)
History
Geography
Sociology
Archaeology
Gender studies
Mathematics


Brazilian Fascism: The Extreme Right and the Forever-Present Past

Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina

Book review: GONÇALVES, Leandro Pereira; CALDEIRA NETO, Odilon. Fascism in Brazil: From Integralism to Bolsonarism. London, and New York: Routledge, 2022.

Extreme right
History
Political science
Law
Politics


The Machine Has a Soul: American Sympathy with Italian Fascism

Sympathy
Soul
Psychoanalysis
Psychology
Philosophy
Social psychology
Epistemology


“Dalle due sponde: Fascisms in Italy and the USA”: Then and now

Forum Italicum A Journal of Italian Studies

History
Classics
Ancient history
Economic history


Fascism, Reality, Shit, and the German Stage

The controversial performances of Jonathan Meese and the duo Vegard Vinge and Ida Müller uncouple the presumed alliance between fascist politics and aesthetics. Provocatively repurposing fascist iconography and thought, Meese and Vinge/Müller defend art’s autonomy against the contamination of reality and reimagine how contemporary artists grapple with Germany’s past.

German
Shit
Repurposing
Autonomy
Alliance
Art
Politics
Iconography
Aesthetics
Stage (stratigraphy)
Wildness
Literature
Art history
History
Political science
Law
Engineering
Archaeology


Misogynistic terrorism: it has always been here

Faculty of Arts, Design, and Social Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

Anti-semitism, racism, pro-life beliefs, and extreme Christian ideology have long been acknowledged to be a feature in far-right terrorist violence in the United States. However, what has been less acknowledged is the underpinning element of misogyny. This paper aims to reflect on why this is. First, it looks at the chronological trajectory of "common-couple violence" to "patriarchal terrorism" to "misogynistic terrorism." Even though scholarship on this form of terrorism can be traced back to the 1970s, mainstream Terrorism Studies has never fully engaged with the idea. This is echoed in a recent assertion that misogyny and violence against women is not political and therefore not terrorism. Second, this paper aims to demonstrate that this lack of engagement works in tandem with the bare minimum of acknowledgement of misogyny in the far-right. Explicitly, it argues that it is hard to see misogyny in a largely patriarchal and masculinist system. This is even more important today with the rise of Incels and the manosphere, especially in how these support the US's flirtation with Trump's misogynist and racist driven neo-fascism.

Terrorism
Scholarship
Radicalization
Ideology
Mainstream
Sociology
Racism
Assertion
Politics
Element (criminal law)
Law
Criminology
Political science
Acknowledgement
Political economy
Computer security


‘Fascism In Catalonia’ In Merce Rodoreda’s Death In Spring- A Study

Chairperson, Department of English Department of English KSAWU, Vijayapura, Karnataka

Merece Rodorera is a well-known Catalan writer of the twentieth century. Among Rodoreda's works, Death in Spring, translated in English in 2009, is hailed as a masterpiece. Rodoreda fled her nation and went into exile during the Spanish Civil War, later returning to her homeland after living in exile in France and Barcelona. During her exile, she authored Death in Spring, which was only published after her death. Rodoreda appears to have written this work in Catalan while in exile. She imagined what her motherland would have endured under Franco's fascist and authoritarian rule in Catalonia. Franco's fundamentalist regime enforced in Catalonia and Spain the policy of one language, one culture, and one nation. Rodoreda, as an expatriate, appears to depict the influence of fascism subtly via symbols and pictures. This research attempts to trace how fascism is represented in this literature. Death in Spring by Rodorada is a complicated work filled with rich and intense symbolism and imagery. The term itself is an illustration of this, as spring is a season of fresh birth rather than death. Life and death, courage and fear, desire and despair, young and old, good and evil, and spirit and body are all examples of binaries. There is a schism between beliefs, customs, and myths. It is clear in the writing of an exile. The novel is also a meta-fiction on the technique of novelization.


Problematizing Exclusionary Politics (or Fascism) in the Middle East and North Africa

Department of Political Science and Department of Modern Languages and Literatures, Union College, Schenectady, NY, USA

Ideology
Middle East
Politics
Nationalism
Argument (complex analysis)
Democracy
Political science
Sociology
Political economy
Gender studies
Law


<i>The New York Times</i> in the face of fascism

Newspaper
Historiography
Politics
Ideology
Democracy
Prime minister
Face (sociological concept)
History
Power (physics)
Period (music)
Political science
Economic history
Law
Humanities
Sociology
Art
Social science


State Power and Control: Core Elements of Fascism in FDR's Regime

State (computer science)
Core (optical fiber)
Power (physics)
Control (management)
Political science
Law and economics
Computer science
Economics
Telecommunications
Physics
Management
Thermodynamics
Algorithm


Möbius strip of memory and history, faith, and fascism

Giovanni Palermo was an Italian prisoner of war captured at the battle of Bardia on 3 January 1941 in Libya. He was transferred by ship to Durban and from there, taken to Zonderwater prisoner of war (POW) camp near Pretoria. Palermo published his memoir in 1972 detailing his capture and POW experiences. A close reading of his translated memoir presents several historical challenges. He uncritically makes his personal bias plain from the start, yet at the same time sees himself as the custodian of the true narrative of Italian POW history, even where the historical record indicates a contrary truth to his. Religious and political ideologies present themselves like a Möbius strip at various points throughout his memoir, not least with an opening endorsement by a Christian religious figure who frames what is to follow. Palermo's strongly held views on purity, his self-belief that he is the bearer of the real truth, and his desire to make Italy great again have contemporary societal and theological resonances.

Memoir
Faith
Battle
Narrative
Ideology
History
Politics
Reading (process)
Literature
Philosophy
Religious studies
Classics
Art history
Art
Law
Theology
Ancient history
Political science


Fascism reimagined: intergenerational legacies in post-war Europe

Pablo Del Hierro Lecea
Carlos Domper Lasús

This special issue explores the enduring legacies of fascism in twentieth-century Europe through an intergenerational lens, focusing on the dynamic exchanges between different age cohorts within far-right movements from the interwar period to the 1980s. Challenging the notion that the end of the Second World War marked a definitive Stunde Null (Zero Hour), this issue explores how older fascist leaders sought to revitalize their ideology by engaging younger generations. The volume investigates the roles of the 'G.I.' generation, the 'Silent' generation and the 'Baby Boomer' (following the categories created by sociologists William Strauss and Neil Howe) in shaping neo-fascist ideologies, rituals and political strategies across Western Europe. It highlights both conflict and cooperation between generations, emphasizing how memory, trauma and political identity were transmitted through family ties, commemorative practices and editorial networks. Drawing on diverse case studies from Italy, Spain, Britain and the Croatian diaspora in Argentina, the issue underscores the importance of generational theory in understanding the evolution of far-right politics. It also addresses a gap in fascist studies and generational research by offering a comparative, interdisciplinary approach that integrates cultural sociology, anthropology and historical analysis. Ultimately, this collection of essays reveals how generational dynamics were central to the transformation and persistence of fascist ideologies in post-war Europe.

Political science
Economic history
History


Christian political hypermasculinity: Brazilian fascism in the 1930s

Abstract This article considers the well‐crafted but often overlooked gender politics of the Integralistas , Brazil's largest fascist movement of the 1930s. Led by writer Plínio Salgado, the Integralistas , who allegedly reached one million members by 1935, became Brazil's first‐ever mass political organisation. They envisioned what they called a Christian holistic state ( Estado Integral ), one in which corporatism, nationalism and faith would sustain the country's very existence in opposition to communism, materialism and liberalism. Largely unexplored iconographic material reveal that gender appeared at the very heart of their political ambitions: a sexualised type of hypermasculinity pointed to an ideal Brazil rooted in Christian‐based notions of masculinity and femininity, having men as nation‐builders and women as family‐nurturers, and a racialised version of expected membership, with Blacks and the indigenous population welcomed only as infantilised male and female beings who depended upon much tutoring from self‐proclaimed grown‐up white Brazilian men. As this article explores, the politics of the Integralistas were not alone in 1930s Brazil.

Politics
Gender studies
Femininity
Opposition (politics)
Masculinity
Sociology
Population
Nationalism
Faith
Communism
Indigenous
Political science
Law
Philosophy
Theology
Demography


Fascism in Britain: Political Life of Oswald Mosley

Oswald Mosley is still today one of the most debated politicians in the history of Britain. Mosley was one of the most prominent figures of politics in Britain during the interbellum era. His changing of parties and finally founding and running the New Pary and the British Union of Fascists have turned him into a persona non grata in the aftermath of the second World war. However, today his legacy is still debated and there are conflicting conclusions. In this article his political life through textual analysis using written sources has been analyzed.

Politics
Political science
History
Art
Economic history
Law


American Nightmare: Facing the Challenge of Fascism (Book Review)

Facing the Challenge of Fascism is the sequel to his book about the recent history of poverty and populism in the USA, America at War with Itself (2018).Both were published in 2018, which might make them more companion pieces than sequential, but America at War with Itself both sets the socioeconomic stage that describes the moment in Nightmare, and explains the purpose of both books, rooted in Giroux's ongoing contributions to critical pedagogy.In War, he writes: America is at war with itself, and pedagogy has an essential role to play in fighting back creatively and non-violently.The challenges we face are immense, and the civil rights, resources, community spaces, and political processes required to struggle are under direct and relentless assault.The very notions of the public and the special are being reconstructed under circumstances… which help consolidate authoritarian modes of governance, a warfare state, and a predatory economy by and for the interests of the wealthiest few.(2018, p. 255)

Nightmare
Political science
Psychoanalysis
Sociology
Law and economics
Psychology
Psychiatry


What is Fascism? The View From Left, Center and Right: A Note

Center (category theory)
Left and right
New Right
Right-to-left
New Left
Political science
Left behind
Law
Medicine
Philosophy
Politics
Linguistics
Engineering


Fascism as a Form of Suppression of Freedom and Humanity: Political and Psychological Analysis

Stanislav A. Malchenkov
Vladislav G. Fedorov

National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University

Humanitarian actual problems of the humanities and education

National Research Mordova State University; MRSU

Politics
Psychoanalytic theory
Sociology
Ideology
Xenophobia
Humanity
Phenomenon
Aesthetics
Epistemology
Law
Psychoanalysis
Psychology
Political science
Philosophy


Friends, Foes, or Fellow-Travelers: Italian Fascism and the Catholic Church

Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History

What was the relationship between Italian Fascism and the Catholic Church? Drawing on both primary sources including speeches, encyclical letters, and newspaper articles and significant amounts of secondary sources, this paper argues that the relationship between the two factions was one of “cohabitation” with both sides cooperating in areas of mutual interest, such as solving the Roman Question, anti-Bolshevism, and the maintenance of traditional family and gender values. Overall, the Catholic Church can be described as “fellow-travelers” with Italian Fascism.

Encyclical
Cohabitation
Newspaper
Religious studies
Law
History
Classics
Political science
Sociology
Gender studies
Philosophy


The Myth of Nazism/Fascism in Modern Mass Communication

Павел Вячеславович Балдицын

National Research University – Higher School of Economics

The article delves into the essence and nature of myth, exploring it through the lens of various scientific and academic perspectives. The author highlights the importance of studying myths and their influence on collective consciousness. The paper provides a clear definition of "myth," outlining its key characteristics: the condensation of meaning, the expressiveness of symbols, and a profound perspective. The author underscores that myth is not merely fiction but a fundamental mode of understanding the world. Special attention is given to the role of names and symbols in myth, which enable individuals to define themselves and others, convey emotions, and motivate actions. The author argues that myths are not just words or thoughts but also powerful affective forces that shape our perceptions and behaviors. The final section of the paper examines the nature of mass consciousness and its inherent mythological dimensions, as well as the media's role in disseminating political myths. This analysis offers a comprehensive look at myth's essence, its impact on collective thought, and its use in political rhetoric, along with the methods by which it is spread through the media.

Nazism
Mythology
Religious studies
Art
Psychoanalysis
Philosophy
History
Literature
Psychology
German
Archaeology


The beginnings of anti-fascism in Venezia Giulia and the Marezige uprising

Fascism in the border region of Venezia Giulia/Julija krajina was confronted with the unfamiliar social and political conditions, ‘tradition’ and multiculturalism of the former territories of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In this territory, the beginnings of the heterogeneous resistance to the violence of the Italian authorities date back to the period between 1918 and 1920 and consisted mainly of the expression of ‘Slavic’ sentiments, various demonstrations, anti-Italian propaganda, and informing Yugoslavia about the situation in the area. In the pre-election period, the fascist squads attacked and destroyed everything that seemed hostile to them. On the day of the national elections on 15 May 1921 throughout the region incidents occurred, trying to turn the result in their favour by force. In particular, the Socialists and Communists were under attack in all of Italy. In Slovenian Istria, the best-known response to the violence is the local revolt in Marezige. A group of 11 fascists arrived in the village in the morning and immediately started provoking and forcing voters to vote for Blocco Nazionale. When the fascists started to shoot, the locals reacted spontaneously, attacking the fascists first with stones, and the fascists responded with shots. The outraged people killed three and seriously wounded one man. From Koper the available force of carabinieri and soldiers were sent, joined by fascists and three republicans. The latter immediately resorted to violence, but the soldiers and carabinieri soon restored order. However, in the marches that followed, the fascist squads took revenge on the nearby village of Čežarji. The Marezige uprising culminated in a highly publicised trial in Trieste. The fascists were acquitted based on the amnesty decree, which did not apply to the Slovenians. Those affected by the fascists’ rampage have never been compensated nor were they held responsible for their actions.

Politics
Ancient history
Empire
Period (music)
History
Multiculturalism
Order (exchange)
Political science
Law
Economic history
Art


Rosa Rayside and Domestic Workers in the Fight against War and Fascism

This article explores connections between domestic worker activism and anti-fascism in the United States—two topics that historians have usually considered separately. Through the lens of Black domestic worker and organizer Rosa Rayside, we see the strong links between the two political movements. In 1934, after co-founding the New York Domestic Workers Union (DWU), Rayside attended the World Congress of Women against War and Fascism in Paris. That congress defined fascism broadly, around nationalism, racism, repression of radicals, denial of civil liberties, capitalist and imperialist greed and warmongering, and threats to women. Notably, the congress specifically identified challenging U.S. racism and defending labor rights for domestic workers as part of a global anti-fascist fight. Influenced by this congress, and by communist organizing in Harlem during the Great Depression, Rayside and the DWU drew on anti-fascism ideologically and organizationally in the years that followed. Rayside worked to include domestic workers in labor and social security legislation, testifying before U.S. Congress in 1935 and helping to form the anti-fascist National Negro Congress (NNC) in 1936. Although their immediate legislative achievements were limited, the strategies that Rayside and the DWU pioneered—collaborating with community and political organizations, spearheading legislation, and shaping understandings of Black women’s “triple oppression” based on race, class, and gender—were vital to the Black anti-fascist movement in the United States and shaped gains by domestic workers in later decades.

History
Political science
Ancient history
Economic history


Seeing, against fascism. Verity Spott’s Hopelessness

Verity Spott (1987) has expanded the possibilities of radical poetry in the UK. Her main works to date are Gideon (Barque Press, 2014), Click Away Close Door Say (Contraband Books, 2017), Hopelessness (The 87 Press, 2020), Prayers, Manifestos, Bravery (Pilot Press, 2020), The North Road Songbook (Pilot Press, 2024). This article seeks to show how Hopelessness thinks through the connections between psychic pain and the political without following the customary pathways which privilege and fetishize trauma. I propose that in language and form Hopelessness pushes against positivistic denial of psychosis as a mode of experience, experience whose validity the dominant language and culture disallow. I see it as a book that makes its way through despair—understood as a response to the current destructiveness of social forces, of which fascist fantasy is a major part—by dismantling re-envisioning what is supposed to be reality. There is humour and satire in Verity Spott’s mode of proceeding and, above all, the force of poetic thought.

Psychology
Psychoanalysis
Criminology
Political science


Disability, emotions and literature from positivism to fascism

Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italia

The paper explores the ways in which disabled persons were represented in Italy between the end of the XIX century and the fascist era in some of the most important children’s literature, school textbooks and magazines, paying particular attention to the adjectives used to described them, thus seeing which emotions were stirred in readers. With regard to physical deformity, whereas in adult literature the prevailing emotions seem to have been loathing and disgust, the feelings elicited by children’s literature – such as the book Heart (De Amicis 1886) – were pity and solidarity. Concerning the magazines, secular ones associated with private institutes for the disabled (e.g. Il nuovo Presagio by the Pious Institute for rickets sufferers in Milan) stimulated philanthropic feelings among possible donors. Differently, the Catholic magazines (e.g. Giulio Tarra published by the Institute for deaf-mutes and La Beneficenza by the Institute for mentally impaired, both from Milan) highlighted the mocking and contempt disabled children had to endure. Either a response of secular solidarity or Christian charity was urged, both in preaching tones. A different emphasis emerged with WW1. Propaganda both during and after the war depicted the wounded body as possessing the highest level of dignity. This idea was stressed in both schoolbooks and children’s literature and children born disabled were also afforded a new respect. Consequently, we will show how disabled children and the war invalids were depicted in schoolbooks of the 1930s, stressing their dignity and avoiding paternalistic language, instead replacing it with fascist and nationalistic rhetoric.

Contempt
Dignity
Solidarity
Pity
Feeling
Sociology
Aesthetics
Gender studies
Psychology
Social psychology
Law
Political science
Politics
Philosophy


Deconstructing the Christian Anarcho-Fascism of Atlas Shrugged

Objectivism
Criticism
Revelation
Christianity
Philosophy
Capitalism
Sociology
Epistemology
Aesthetics
Theology
Law
Political science


Italian Fascism and Corporatism: Ideas, Practices and Effects

Corporatism
Political science
History
Law
Politics


Carlo Levi and Primo Levi: Two Critiques of Eternal Fascism

Expansive
Character (mathematics)
Humanism
Persistence (discontinuity)
Philosophy
Epistemology
Psychoanalysis
Sociology
Psychology
Theology
Mathematics


Truth with a Z: disinformation, war in Ukraine, and Russia’s contradictory discourse of imperial identity

Russia and East European Studies, School of Arts, Languages, and Cultures, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

This article offers a qualitative analysis of how, by adopting identity-related discourses whose meanings resonate within a given culture, Russian state propaganda strives to bolster “the truth status” of its Ukraine war claims. These discourses, we argue, have long historical lineages and thus are expected to be familiar to audiences. We identify three such discourses common in many contexts but with specific resonances in Russia, those of colonialism/decolonization, imperialism, and the imaginary West. The article demonstrates that these same discourses also inform war-related coverage in Russophone oppositional media. Russian state-affiliated and oppositional actors further share “floating signifiers, ” particularly “the Russian people, ” “historical Russia, ” “the Russian world, ” “Ukraine, ” “fascism/Nazism, ” and “genocide, ” while according them radically different meanings. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of studying how state propaganda works at the level of discourses, and the acutely dialogical processes by which disinformation and counter-disinformation efforts are produced and consumed.

Disinformation
Identity (music)
State (computer science)
Sociology
Dialogical self
Genocide
The Imaginary
Media studies
Political science
Gender studies
Law
Aesthetics
Epistemology
Social media


Media communications in Italian fascism as a means of achieving public consensus

The aim of the research is to identify the role of propaganda and information control, adapted to the characteristics of Italian society in the early 20th century, which were aspects of the fascist dictatorship. The article examines the media that were used by the fascist state and proved to be an effective communication weapon for creating consensus with society. The organization of propaganda, which began as early as 1923, was placed under the control of fascist institutions and had media instruments that are rarely or not fully considered in Italian literature and are absent in domestic literature, which constitutes the scientific novelty of the research: based on the material of Italian media from the 1920s and 30s, the author systematizes methods of communication. The study found that fascism attempted to elevate its politics into a kind of religious cult, endowing its leader Mussolini with mythical features and marking every event related to fascism at the level of a religious holiday.

Political science
Consensus conference
Media studies
Law
Sociology
Library science
Computer science


“Aussies and Stinking Reds”: The Anti-Fascism of the Communist Party of Australia

Communism
Politics
Law
Situated
Political science
Turning point
Project commissioning
Sociology
Publishing
Art
Period (music)


Neo-Fascism and the State: The Negotiation of National Identity in Modern Russia

Counseling And Psychological Services Dissertations (Georgia State University)

The present dissertation is a study of the process of national identity renegotiation in modern Russia. More specifically, I analyze the use of the word fascism in contemporary Russian discourse. Developing a blend of Kenneth Burke?s theory of human motives and Jacques Lacan?s psychoanalytic theory of the subject, I compare the psycho-rhetorical narratives of the four distinct parties - Vladimir Putin, state-sponsored ?anti-fascists? (Nashi), independent anti-fascists (Antifa), and neo-fascists - which fight over the usage of the word fascism in their attempts to renegotiate the meaning of Russianness. While explicating the mechanism of national identity construction, Lacan?s theory, as I argue, does not help distinguish among various visions of the nation. Therefore, I build upon Burke?s classification of symbolic frames (comedy, tragedy, epic, elegy, satire, the burlesque, and the grotesque) to differentiate among alternative fantasy-frames (Lacanian fantasy and Burkean frame) as more or less politically dangerous and ethically sophisticated. As the reading of the four psycho-rhetorical narratives shows, the vision of Russia proposed by Russian neo-fascists dangerously approximates the Russian idea promoted by the state and pro-Putin ?anti-fascists.?

State (computer science)
Identity (music)
Negotiation
Political science
National identity
Political economy
Sociology
Law
Politics
Aesthetics
Philosophy


Nuremberg epilogue: fascism before the court of peace-loving peoples

Political science
Law
Psychoanalysis
Psychology


Anti-Colonialism and the Crisis of Interwar Fascism by Michael Ortiz (review)

Colonialism
Political science
Economic history
Political economy
History
Sociology
Law


A Black Construction of Colonialism: The Black Marxist Response to Fascism in the 1930s

Colonialism
Marxist philosophy
Communism
Proletariat
Capitalism
Internationalism (politics)
Indigenous
White (mutation)
Sociology
Racism
Gender studies
History
Political science
Law
Politics


The phenomenon of fascism in the interpretations of modern foreign authors

Federal State University of Education, Mytishchi, Moscow region, 141014, Russian Federation

Феномен фашизма в трактовках современных зарубежных авторовПонятие «фашизм» получило широкое распространение в серединевторой половине ХХ в.Это нашло отражение в научных трудах по общественным наукам, многочисленных публикациях в периодической печати, справочных, энциклопедических изданиях.Подход к изучению фашизма, сложившийся на Западе, имеет принципиальные отличия от отечественного.Это касается как взглядов на определение фашизма, его генезис, так и в оценочных суждениях, касающихся практической стороны этого вопроса.В статье рассматриваются взгляды западных авторов на понятие фашизма, его исторические корни и природу, место и роль в европейской мысли, отношение к практике его проявления

Phenomenon Epistemology History Philosophy


Beyond the Paranoid Style—Fascism, Radical Right and the Myth of Conspiracy

University of Northampton UK Northampton

Abstract Following two years of online events, from the 14 to 16 September 2022 the fifth annual Convention of the International Association for Comparative Fascist Studies ( COMFAS ) took place in Florence. The title of the conference ‘Beyond the Paranoid Style: Fascism, Radical Right and the Myth of Conspiracy’ presented a framework for a wide variety of reflections that were both historically grounded and timely. After all, in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, many scholars have had new experiences of the impact of conspiracy theory thinking.

Mythology
Style (visual arts)
Convention
Variety (cybernetics)
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Law
Psychology
Psychoanalysis
Political science
Media studies
History
Sociology
Literature
Art
Classics
Medicine


American Patriot: The Social and Political Networks of Banal Fascism in the United States

The January 6, 2021, insurrection at the United States Capitol exposed the rising white nationalism and fascism that had long existed in the nation’s cultural and political infrastructure. This dissertation explores this rise as a result of banal fascism, a concept that describes the way elements of fascism seep into U.S. mainstream culture, becoming normalized and mundane. Among other theorizations, it draws from Michael Billig’s Banal Nationalism and Umberto Eco’s Ur-Fascism to analyze the ways that a particular type of American fascism has developed over time through strategic branding and grassroots organizing by Christian nationalist organizers of the 1940s, anti-LGBTQ+ crusaders of the 1970s to the MAGA movement of Donald Trump’s presidency. Taken together, this offers a unique perspective on a hidden fascist framework and explores how political and cultural flashpoints can be used by political leaders to mobilize through banal rhetoric and strategies to spread fascist policy and legislation in the U.S. mainstream.

Politics
Patriot Act
Political science
Law
Political economy
Public administration
Sociology
Terrorism


WHAT WE TALK ABOUT WHEN WE TALK ABOUT FASCISM

ABSTRACT Bruce Kuklick's Fascism Comes to America: A Century of Obsession in Politics and Culture offers a compact, accessible, and broad‐reaching survey of “the linguistic career of fascism” in the United States. The book charts the widespread use of the term “fascism” across US political, cultural, and intellectual discourse from the early 1920s up through the present, arguing that rampant, uncritical overuse, outright abuse, and other hyperbolic deployments of the term have purged “fascism” of its analytic value and effectively negated its meaningful critical capacities. Moreover, Kuklick contends that this US “addiction to fascism” as a way to malign ideological and political enemies and express anxieties about the fragility of US democracy impedes accurate assessment of legitimate problems with the country's political system and traditions. This review essay offers a critical assessment of Kuklick's approach, interrogating what his narrow analytic focus on rhetoric and ideas misses and what nuance gets lost in declaring “fascism” a “political swear word” and little else. This thoroughly researched accounting of fascist invectives succeeds in showing that the term has consistently lacked reliable and substantive meaning, but as a survey, the book falters in collapsing its contexts, treating each and every usage of the term as equal and equally meaningless. Engaging with new scholarship on fascism, antifascism, and the modern US Right, as well as with Black radical political thought on fascism since the 1930s, this review essay challenges Kuklick's conclusion that the term “fascism” should be purged from public and intellectual discourse. In turn, it proposes a set of approaches for how we might continue our engagement with greater precision and analytic care.

Politics
Ideology
Scholarship
Rhetoric
Sociology
Democracy
Misrepresentation
Aesthetics
Law
Political science
Philosophy
Linguistics


Blood and Power: The Rise and Fall of Italian Fascism by John Foot (review)

Power (physics)
Communism
History
Anecdote
Mythology
Foot (prosody)
Biography
Order (exchange)
Art history
Art
Classics
Law
Politics
Political science
Literature


Fascism as seen by the Christian Democrats in the years of the republic of parties (1945–1994)

Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italy

Universita degli Studi di Palermo, Italy

Political science
Ancient history
History
Law


The democratic dictatorship of the Chinese Guomindang and the fascismization of national discourse

CHUNGGUKSA YONGU (The Journal of Chinese Historical Researches)

Dictatorship
Democracy
Political science
Politics
Law


Feeding Fascism: The Politics of Women’s Food Work by Diana Garvin (review)

Housewife
Politics
Movie theater
Poverty
Art
Film director
Art history
Narrative
History
Sociology
Gender studies
Political science
Literature
Law


Dictatorship
Democracy
Political science
Law
Politics


The Social Policy of Italian Fascism and the International Labour Organization

Political science
Demographic economics
Labour economics
Economics


WHAT IS CHRISTIAN FASCISM? / ŠTA JE TO KRŠĆANSKI FAŠIZAM?

Pepperdine University
University of Sarajevo, Rectorate

Pregled časopis za društvena pitanja / Periodical for social issues

Transcription and translation of material from the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LcOb83plY4c&ab_channel=JasonWBlakely done by Mirza Čerkez.

Transcription (linguistics)
Theology
Art
History
Humanities
Philosophy
Linguistics


Politics
Scholarship
Sociology
Obedience
Power (physics)
Gender studies
Law
Political science
Aesthetics
Art


THE DANGER OF THE REVIVAL OF FASCISM IN THE XXI VELE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor at the Department of Philosophy, Theology and Church History Ukrainian Institute of Arts and Sciences (Bucha, Kyiv region, Ukraine)

Українського гуманітарного інституту

Faculty of Humanities Ukrainian Institute of Arts and Sciences (Bucha, Kyiv region, Ukraine)

Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University

НЕБЕЗПЕКА ВІДРОДЖЕННЯ ФАШИЗМУ В ХХІ СТОЛІТТІ В РОСІЙСЬКІЙ ФЕДЕРАЦІЇАкцент даного дослідження сфокусований на висвітлені проблеми, яка полягає у тому, що зганьбивши себе у ХХ столітті фашизм несподівано відродився у ХХІ столітті.Перед світом знову постала загроза протистояння тоталітаризму і демократії.Більше того, дане протистояння цілком реально у найближчі часи може призвести до 3-ї світової війни.Опрацьовуючи вказану проблему, аналізуємо події 100-літньої давнини, які призвели до виникнення фашистської ідеології та втілення її у життя в ряді європейських країн зокрема у сучасній Росії.Також точно визначаємо місце російського більшовизму, який власним прикладом доводив, що завдяки тотальному терору можна не тільки захопити владу, а й утримувати її.В роботі, зокрема, вказано що агресивна сутність фашизму послужила однією з вагомих причин розв'язання Другої Світової війни, а також констатується той неприємний факт, що низка народів Європи, сприйняла позитивно фашизм на початковій стадії його творення і більше того сприяли та не перешкоджали виникненню фашизму в Російській Федерації, незважаючи на явні ознаки того, що фашистські ідеї є частиною сучасного правління в Росії.Важливою є думка про те, що відродження фашистської ідеології у ХХІ столітті сталося тому, що вона не була засуджена (в буквальному сенсі слова) у 40

Russian federation
Political science
Economic history
Political economy
History
Sociology
Regional science


Football and Fascism: The Politics of Popular Culture in Portugal, Rahul Kumar (2023)

ISNI: 0000000121577667 Universidad Complutense de Madrid

International Journal of Iberian Studies

Politics
Political science
Football
Sociology
Law


Politics
State (computer science)
Sociology
Work (physics)
Gender studies
Foodways
Ideal (ethics)
Political science
Law
Anthropology
Engineering


Morbid Symptoms: What Did Gramsci Really Mean?

SOAS, University of London, London, UK, ga3@soas.ac.uk

Notebooks The Journal for Studies on Power

Abstract One of Gramsci’s most quoted phrases is his 1930 statement in the Prison Notebooks that ‘[t]he crisis consists precisely in the fact that the old is dying and the new cannot be born; in this interregnum a great variety of morbid symptoms appear’. This has traditionally been taken to refer to the emergence of fascism against a background of capitalist crisis and failure of anti-capitalist forces. However, a closer examination of the textual and historical context of that sentence indicates that Gramsci was more likely to have been referring to the pci ’s ultraleft turn in conjunction with the Comintern’s Third Period.

Interregnum
Variety (cybernetics)
Context (archaeology)
Prison
Sentence
History
Sociology
Political science
Law
Philosophy
Linguistics
Politics


The anatomy of fascism and the social necessity of its denial: memory is needed by the living

Cruelty
Denial
Criminology
History
Sociology
Psychoanalysis
Law
Political science
Psychology


Fascism, Populism and the Myth of the American Revolution in 20th Century US Literature

Università "G. D'Annunzio" di Chieti-Pescara

This essay examines the significance of the American Revolution as a literary trope and a rhetorical device in shaping US political imagination. The Revolution fostered both utopian and dystopian rationales, justifying radical experiences such as fascism. I will examine this relevance in Nathanael West's A Cool Million (1934) and Sinclair Lewis's It Can't Happen Here (1935).

Trope (literature)
Dystopia
Populism
Rhetorical question
Mythology
Relevance (law)
Politics
Aesthetics
Literature
Political radicalism
History
Art
Political science
Law


The Pen and the Iron Fist: Complex Relationship of Fascism with Literature in the Twentieth Century

Research Scholar, GGS Indraprastha University, Delhi, India

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)

The relationship between fascism and literature in the twentieth century is one of the most complex and troubling intersections of politics, culture and art in modern history. From the rise of Mussolini's Italy to the Third Reich's cultural policies, fascist movements have both co-opted and invoked literary expression for propagandistic purposes and powerful resistance through the written word. This paper seeks to examine how fascist ideology shaped literary production, how writers responded to authoritarian rule, and the lasting impact of this relationship on our understanding of literature and its political dimensions. The central argument of this paper is that while fascist regimes attempted to instrumentalize literature as a tool of ideological control, the inherent nature of literary expression ultimately ended up resisting the complete subjugation, producing both complicit propaganda and subversive resistance that continues to inform contemporary discussions about art, politics, and moral responsibility.

Ideology
Resistance (ecology)
Politics
Expression (computer science)
Authoritarianism
Argument (complex analysis)
Relation (database)


Working in the dream factory: gendering women's film labour under Fascism

Department of Film and Television, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

Abstract This article draws on a broad range of under-explored historical sources to document the career trajectories of the women who worked in the Italian film industry between 1930 and 1944. Challenging established histories that normalise male dominance in Italian cinema during and after Mussolini's regime, the article sheds light on women's overlooked contribution to Italy's sound film industry and explores the multilayered, shifting dimension of their precarious and gendered labour. Engaging with key questions raised by historians of Italian Fascism and by feminist research in film and media history, the article delineates intersectional barriers to film employment faced by women in the years of the dictatorship and points to their historical legacy.

Dream
Factory (object-oriented programming)
Gender studies
Art
Sociology
Psychology
Computer science


Fighting against ‘Apology of Fascism’: Origins and Contradictions of the Italian Approach to Militant Democracy

Militant
Democracy
Authoritarianism
Political science
Political economy
Period (music)
Sociology
Law
Politics
Philosophy
Aesthetics


Music, youth and international links in post-war British fascism: the transformation of extremism

Transformation (genetics)
Violent extremism
Political science
History
Economic history
Law
Terrorism


Russia-Georgia: security, cooperation, fraternity in the Great War against Fascism


IT CAN HAPPEN HERE. “THE FASCISM OF THE HEART” AND THE U.S. MIDWEST IN “THE TUNNEL” BY WILLIAM GASS

RSUH/RGGU Bulletin Literary Theory Linguistics Cultural Studies Series

Russian State University for the Humanities


Education, fascism, memory, and the crisis of democracy in the 21st Century: Rethinking 9/11

This article examines the intersection of memory, militarism, and the rise of fascism in the United States in the aftermath of 9/11. It explores how the post-9/11 era, initially marked by national unity and solidarity, quickly devolved into militarism, xenophobia, and the erosion of civil liberties. The manipulation of collective memory and a regressive form of education have played a central role in the rise of far-right authoritarianism, with fear and historical amnesia fueling fascist politics. The commodification of loss and the disavowal of collective responsibility have undermined democracy, contributing to the current crisis of authoritarianism in America. Central to the fight against this authoritarian drift is the crucial notion of making education central to politics and the production of what might be called a radical democratic imaginary, which plays a vital role in shaping critically informed citizens. The article emphasizes that reclaiming educational spaces—both formal and cultural—as sites of critical inquiry and resistance is essential for resisting fascism and reimagining a democratic future.

Democracy
Political science
Political economy
Psychoanalysis
Economic history
Psychology
Sociology
History
Law
Politics


‘Fascism on trial’: Rodolfo Graziani and the manipulation of historical consciousness in postwar Italy

German Historical Institute (DHI), Rome, Italy

Institute of Languages, Cultures and Societies, School of Advanced Study, University of London, London, UK

Abstract This article uses the postwar trial of Fascist Italy’s most prominent general, Rodolfo Graziani, to examine issues of transitional justice and the formation of popular memory of Italian Fascism and colonialism after 1945. During the Fascist ventennio , the regime constructed Graziani as the nation’s colonial ‘hero’ despite his leading role in genocidal measures during Fascist Italy’s colonial wars in North and East Africa. His position as minister of defence in Mussolini’s Nazi-backed Salò Republic in 1943–5, however, threatened his heroic reputation as he worked with Nazi commanders and became responsible for atrocities against Italian civilians. After the Second World War, Graziani was tried for Nazi collaborationism at the Supreme Court in 1948, but his colonial conduct was left unquestioned. Unlike in the Nuremberg Trials in post-Nazi Germany, few Italians were tried for war crimes after 1945. This historical inquiry analyses the legal proceedings, transnational representation and outcome of Rodolfo Graziani’s 1948 trial as an emblematic case study to explore de-fascistisation and decolonialisation initiatives and their limitations in post-Fascist postcolonial Italy.

Colonialism
Nazism
Law
History
Political science
Sociology


The discourse of anti-Fascism and food protest in underground women’s publications

Political science
Sociology
Gender studies


Mussolini and the Eclipse of Italian Fascism: From Dictatorship to Populism, by R.J.B. Bosworth

Dictatorship
Expansionism
German
Ideology
Power (physics)
Nazism
History
Nazi Germany
Alliance
Theme (computing)
Classics
Populism
Democracy
Law
Political science
Economic history
Politics


The Great War, Fascism and the Athens Chater: Difficulty of the Italian Route

Associate professor in Padua University, DBC (Università degli Studi di Padova, Dipartimento dei Beni Culturali: archeologia, storia dell'arte del cinema e della musica)

The Athens Charter, which came out of the 1931 Conference, constitutes a vital hub for the growth of a shared European policy on restoration and monuments’ protection. It is a document whose background is extremely dense with experimentation and whose immediate future will be swallowed up by the tragedy of the Second World War. Precisely for this reason it is not useless to consider some shadows that characterize the Italian contribution to the works, resulted from the readjustment of the need of social and moral cohesiveness, emerging from the Great War, as a function of the construction of a fascist identity.

Charter
Tragedy (event)
Group cohesiveness
Identity (music)
History
World War II
Function (biology)
Law
Political science
Sociology
Genealogy
Aesthetics
Art
Social science


Society must be Self-Defended: Violence, Wilful Ignorance, and the Embodied Habits of Fascism

This paper draws on Wittgenstein and Foucault to argue that self-defence functions as a technology of forgetting, sustaining an epistemology of ignorance that supports the imagined divide between civil society and the dangerous Other. Inflated ideas about martial arts, male aggression, and the legitimacy of self-defence obscure the structural violence needed to preserve social order through a dispositif that uses strategic forgetting to maintain power. But this also creates a paradox: civil society, opposed to animal violence, must deploy that very violence against the barbarian—who, by definition, is better at it. The result is a discursive spiral: to survive, society becomes fascist. Tracing this dynamic historically, this essay examines how Shotokan karate transformed under Showa fascism into more rigid forms that cultivated authoritarian ideals in physical practice. Self-defence, then, is not merely rhetorical but deeply embodied, shaping subjects whose bodies and beliefs are trained to forget, dominate, and conform.


Fascism and Constitutional Conflict: The British Extreme Right and Ulster in the Twentieth Century, by James Loughlin

Politics
Historiography
Power (physics)
History
Law
Irish
Theme (computing)
Sociology
Political science
Philosophy


“Peace for our Time”: a Uchronian Approach to British Fascism in Jo Walton’s "Farthing"

Impossibilia Revista Internacional de Estudios Literarios

This paper draws on a uchronian framework to analyse Jo Walton’s Farthing (2006) as a suitable example of a counterfactual Britain in the aftermath of an effective peace agreement with Nazi Germany. The following pages will attempt to intertwine the purely historical comment on the intricacies that underlay the rise of fascism in the country with the allohistorical turns that ignite the plot of the novel and its point of divergence, which brings about the appointment of a fascist militant as Prime Minister and the outburst of a violent antisemitic wave. The study of this novel will be informed by a wide array of critics and historians like Amy Ramson, Karen Hellekson, Richard Thurlow or Nigel Copsey, among others, whose work contributes to tracing significant parallelisms between the historical outcome and the uchronian alternatives Walton explores in her work

Nazism
Prime minister
Militant
Plot (graphics)
History
Sociology
Antisemitism
Law
Politics
Political science
Judaism
Archaeology


Fascism as a recurring possibility: Zeev Sternhell, the anti-Enlightenment, and the intellectual history of European modernity

School of Humanities, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia

The article offers an overview and a critical assessment of the work of Zeev Sternhell, focussing on the questions of fascism and of the anti-Enlightenment tradition. It claims that the career of the Israeli historian revolves around the intuition of a history of European modernity marked by a central opposition: that between the Enlightenment and the anti-Enlightenment. I show how the idea is already present in his initial works, and argue that it produces a specific kind of intellectual history, concerned with the unity of traditions over large temporal horizons. I claim that it has the advantage of offering an historically grounded reading of fascism which nonetheless is capable to account for its emergence in apparently very dissimilar contexts. After having examined some of the shortcomings of this approach, I offer an historical explanation for the type of intellectual history practiced by Sternhell, arguing that it must be tied to his political activism in Israel.

Enlightenment
Modernity
Intellectual history
Politics
Opposition (politics)
Sociology
Epistemology
Aesthetics
Philosophy
Law
Political science


Review: <i>Feeding Fascism: The Politics of Women’s Food Work</i>, by Diana Garvin

Gastronomica The Journal of Food and Culture

Icon
Politics
Download
Custodians
Citation
State (computer science)
Library science
Political science
Media studies
Art history
History
Sociology
World Wide Web
Law
Computer science
Archaeology


THE ROLE OF THE «RUSSIAN WORD» AS A PRECISION WEAPON IN THE WAR AGAINST FASCISM: HISTORY AND MODERNITY

Voennyy uchebno-nauchnyy centr Voenno-vozdushnyh sil «Voenno-vozdushnaya akademiya imeni professora N.E. Zhukovskogo i Yu.A. Gagarina» (g. Voronezh)

The article examines the issue of historical, cultural, spiritual and moral continuity of the national code by subsequent generations of the Russian people. An analogy is drawn between the nationwide historical tragic events of the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) and the special military operation in Ukraine (2022-...) 80 years separate the two military clashes with fascism, but they are united by a spiritual and moral motive that serves as a powerful impulse to stand up for their Homeland. To defeat the enemy today, as in 1941-1945, the people need to unite, pool their personal resources and direct them against the fascist ideology; it is necessary to use the latest models of military equipment, as well as use high–precision weapons - the Russian word. During the Second World War and since the beginning of the Second World War, a large number of literary works related to "trench lyrics" were written. They are the ones who inspire the Russian people to Win, help them to survive in difficult life situations, and call for a struggle... History and modernity only seem far apart. However, the lyrical images of "trench poetry" are similar to each other, because each of them has a national code of Russian character.

Modernity
Homeland
Ideology
History
Law
Literature
Sociology
Political science
Art
Politics


Dreaming of distant lands. How Fascism built colonial women (1937-1941)

National University of Distance Education

When they seized power in 1922, the Fascists adopted a patriarchal stance regarding women. Adopting the pronatalist theories of Riccardo Korherr, Federico Marconcini and Ferdinando Loffredo, Fascism became a staunch defender of demographic policies relegating women exclusively to the role of wife and mother, mere breeding machines whose only job was to increase the number of Italians for the war effort and to drive colonial expansion in order to keep up with the other European nations. As a consequence of the war for the conquest of empire in East Africa, a population management strategy was conceived in which young women would be sent to produce families to re-populate Ethiopia in the name of the Fascist state. Accordingly, it became necessary to develop a different model for educating young women, to actively equip them for their new lives in Africa. With this in mind, the Fascist leadership exploited women’s Fascist associations, drawing up national curricula for standardized training of these before sending them off to Africa.This investigation explores the contemporary press such as L’Azione Coloniale and the training manual used in the courses preparing women for life in the African colonies. The objective was to understand whether the change in the educational policy devised for a group of young women, chosen for convenience, may have modified the overall image of women on a symbolic level in the last years of the regime.

Empire
Colonialism
CONQUEST
Wife
Population
Power (physics)
State (computer science)
Curriculum
Gender studies
Order (exchange)
Sociology
Political science
History
Ancient history
Law
Demography


“Scrap Iron Becomes Bullets”: When Dockers Fought Fascism with Direct Action

Labor Studies in Working-Class History of the Americas


Political Inertia Leads to Fascism: A Critical Analysis of Israel-Palestine Conflict

Marriyam Siddique
Ehsan Khan
I Alhossary
A Abuznaid
A Adam
Al Jazeera
F Al-Kassab
U Top
Court
A Arnold
C Baraniuk
B Buzan
D Byman
D Jones
O Defense
Doc Mckee
A Feinstein
B Fernandez
M Fick
F Fukuyama
A Ghanem
D Grunblatt
S Hamasaeed
R Hanania
J Iqbal
J Johnson
M Jouejati
H Kelman
S Khalil
A Khan
E Kierszenbaum
-H
S Kocs
T Krishna
E Loanes
C Mcgreal
J Merrow
N Narea
W Nguyen
-A
R Nweke
R Al Talei
R Khatib
R Moorthy
Reliefweb
Reuters
Reuters
N Rojas
M Stack
A Teran
I Tharoor
T Notteboom
Who
O Yiftachel
B Zantvoot

Navy War College , Lahore (PNWC) . Senior Research Fellow , Maritime Centre of Excellence (MCE) , PNWC.

University of Lahore , Pakistan Pakistan

This study reconnoitres the deep-rooted nature of Israeli aggression towards Palestinians from the lens of systemic and structural international factors. Since October 2023, over 46,000 Gaza inhabitants have been killed amid everincreasing violence uncovering a grievous humanitarian crisis comprising widespread disease(s), famine, and the collapse of basic health and social services. The international society regardless of ample evidence of genocide, has failed to act conclusively, manipulated by international power dynamics and ‘false equivalencies’ that abstruse the disproportionate suffering wreaked on Palestinians as compared to ventures taken by Hamas. The study critiques – the inaction of global society and particularly, the systemic and structural provision Israel obtains from international power stakeholders, underpinning how this patronage perpetuates Israel’s aggressive policies towards Palestinians. To examine this patronage relationship, the study employs the concept of ‘political inertia’ of Francis Fukuyama from holistic optics. The research contends that the international society’s failure to address Israel’s genocide - symbolises a suggestive political failure that inherits in ‘systemic-structural’ power dynamics which underpins Israel’s fascist behaviour.

Palestine
Politics
Political science
Conflict analysis
Inertia
Political economy
Sociology
Law
Ancient history
History
Conflict resolution


<i>No Olvides Nunca</i> : early twentieth-century fascism and Afroindigenous Marxism in El Salvador


An Exclusively Urban Phenomenon? Radical Agrarianism in Political Practice of Interwar Fascism : A Case Study of Slovakia

Historica Revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy

Fascism is frequently considered to be a political movement associated with cities. The article attempts to contest this idea through a case study, which illustrates the agrarian-focused drive of fascism by profiling two fascist organisations in interwar Slovakia. It stresses agrarianism as a core factor of their political practice. The case study is based on an analysis of Rodobrana (1923–1929), a paramilitary organisation of Hlinka’s Slovak People’s Party, which became a significant pioneering fascist movement in Slovakia, and the National Fascist Community (1926–1938), the most notable political party representing nationwide Czechoslovak fascism. Even though both streams were written down in history as relatively unsuccessful cliques of cads, their palingenetic discourse, based on radicalised agrarian thought, helped create an atmosphere that resulted in the acceptance of the latter measures adopted by Hlinka’s Slovak People’s Party’s regime (confiscation of properties belonging to the “political parvenus”, Aryanisation of Jewish assets, agrarian reforms, and the programme of Slovak national socialism).

Agrarianism
Phenomenon
Politics
Political radicalism
Political science
Economic history
Political economy
History
Sociology
Law
Philosophy
Epistemology


Making Fascism in Sweden and the Netherlands: Myth-Creation and Respectability, 1931–1940, by Nathaniël D.B. Kunkeler

European University Institute , Florence , Italy

Mythology
History
Political science
Classics


Not just a Fairy Tale: Parody, Late Fascism, and Ghedini’s ‘La pulce d’oro’ (1940)

ABSTRACT At first glance, La pulce d’oro (1940), a one-act comic opera by Giorgio Federico Ghedini, might seem at odds with the turmoil of late-fascist Italy on the brink of war. A new opera in 1940 was itself anachronistic: a genre mired in unending crisis, resurfacing now at one of the darkest moments in the nation’s history. However, on closer inspection, La pulce d’oro demonstrates a peculiar timeliness and—in the tradition of Verdi’s Falstaff—offers pertinent insight into its contemporary and much overlooked moment. This article proposes a reading of the relevance of Ghedini’s opera through its twofold use of parody: as a musical technique and as an allegorical means, connecting past and present, fiction and reality, fairy tale and history. Encompassing some of the key cultural currents of the time—neoclassicism, magic realism, and social satire—La pulce d’oro’s parody unexpectedly brings together comic opera and fascism at a moment of cultural and political apotheosis.

Opera
Comics
Literature
Politics
Anachronism
Art
Apotheosis
Realism
Verisimilitude
History
Art history
Law


Socialists’ Perception of Fascism in the Early/Mid 1930s-Focused on Nazi Party

The Journal for the Studies of Korean History

Nazism
Perception
Political science
Aesthetics
Psychoanalysis
Psychology
Law
Epistemology
Philosophy
Politics


The psychological is crucial: why Erich Fromm’s understanding of human needs contributes to defeating fascism

Psychoanalysis Psychology Philosophy Sociology


I need husband: AI beauty standards, fascism and the proliferation of bot driven content

College of Design and Social Context, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia

Abstract Generative AI is proliferating on social media at an alarming rate. Images are generated and disseminated with political agendas, particularly in right-wing spheres. These AI-generated images often depict soldiers, sad children, or interior designs. Of particular note are the catfishing-style “I need husband” posts featuring women with impossible proportions, ostensibly seeking partners. These chimeric creations are bot-driven posts designed to farm engagement, but they also hint at something more sinister. These posts reflect a mechanical view of the male gaze. However, an AI cannot truly comprehend the male gaze, and in its attempt to mimic it, it creates beings beyond understanding. This research aims to analyze the patterns in these images, explore posting methods and engagement, and examine the meaning behind the images. It culminates in an artistic piece in progress critiquing both the images and their creation and dissemination methods. By rendering these AI-generated images as classical Greek statues through Gaussian splatting and 3D printing, I aim to create a visual commentary on the intersection of AI, the male gaze and fascism. This artistic approach not only highlights the absurdity of these digital constructs but also invites viewers to critically examine AI’s role in shaping contemporary perceptions of beauty and gender roles.

Beauty
Content (measure theory)
Performing arts
Aesthetics
Art
Sociology
Mathematics
Visual arts
Mathematical analysis


In response to George H. Jensen’s “The ‘Truly Shakespearean’ Trump: Reading Fascism in Project 2025”

Language Literature and Interdisciplinary Studies

I appreciate Dr. Jensen’s exploration of the ways that we seek to interpret and respond to (in effect, “to read”) our times through the patterns of narrative (call them mythoi) expressed in literature. In Attitudes Toward History (1937), Kenneth Burke interpreted his own historic moment—one marked by the rise of Hitlerian fascism—through contrasting lenses of comedy and tragedy. As Burke writes, “the progress of human enlightenment can go no further than in picturing people not as vicious, but as mistaken” (41; emphasis in original). To read American politics today through the mythos of comedy is to assume that its “players” have good will and are capable of correction; in which case, laughter might offer a curative to an opposing side’s “mistaken” beliefs. One might mention satire here as a more militant version of comedy, wherein mockery and caricature replace laughter as antidotes to an opposing side’s folly. In comedy, both sides learn to laugh together, reconciling; in satire, one side seeks to shame the other into submission. (In this respect, the satiric “correction” is cruel, but not deadly.) In contrast, to read politics through the mythos of tragedy is to see viciousness only: The crime of an opposing viewpoint demands scapegoat-punishment ranging from banishment to death. There’s one further mythos to mention: that of epic, which celebrates the violent victory of one side over an enemy. In this fourth mythos, the ultimate act of heroism rests in that enemy’s destruction.

George (robot)
Reading (process)
Psychoanalysis
Philosophy
Art
Psychology
Art history
Linguistics


Resisting fascism: The Argentine Junta de la Victoria and its president, 1941-1955

Humanities
Political science
Art
Philosophy


Job training schools at the Giornata della Tecnica: a contribution for a history of professional education in the years of fascism

A scant literature is devoted to analyse the evolution of vocational education in Italy during Fascism. The article aims at addressing (even partially) to the issue using a particular kind of sources: the publication the Provincial Scholastic Deputy had to write in 1941 for celebrating the “Giornata della Tecnica” (Day for the promotion of Technical Culture), introduced by Fascism in 1940 for prompting enrolment in technical institutes and, almost of all, in the so-called scuole d’avviamento professionale (job training schools). Reformed since 1929, the scuole d’avviamento professionale were a three-year post-elementary course whose enrolments highly expanded during 1930s. Scholastic reform planned in 1939 – the so-called “Carta della Scuola” – aimed at abolishing this school. At its place, were planned two kinds of vocational schools, the scuola professionale (vocational school) and the scuola artigiana (craft school): both of them would have granted to their pupils less possibilities to change their social status than the scuola d’avviamento did. Publications analysed show a twofold attitude towards these institutes: some headmasters presented them as a way for pupils to achieve higher level of education; however, scholastic officer regarded them as a “diverted” school, which encouraged pupils to flee from their social and territorial environment.

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