Greek theatre, electric lights, and the plumes of locomotives: the quarrel between the Futurists and the Classicists and the Hellenic modernism of Fascism

Arts, Culture and Media, Oude Boteringestraat 34 , 9712 GK Groningen , The Netherlands

Abstract The controversy between the Futurists and the classicists over the Greek theatre of Syracuse remains largely overlooked within the scholarship concerned with the relationship between Futurism and Fascism. The Futurist movement launched a polemic against the staging of Aeschylus’ Libation Bearers in 1921, counterposing Greek tragedy to new forms of drama drawing on Futurist performance aesthetics and Sicilian popular theatre which, according to the Futurists, could express the spirit of the modern age. In a similar vein, the manifesto that F. T. Marinetti addressed to the Fascist government in 1923 advocated for the staging of modern Sicilian plays in the theatre of Syracuse. Contrary to Futurism, Italian Fascism turned to Greek models in creating new forms of popular theatre. Mussolini’s state supported the production of ancient drama throughout the ventennio, as evidenced by the consolidation of the Istituto Nazionale del Dramma Antico (INDA) in 1925. The theatre of Syracuse should be viewed as a field of antagonism between the different versions of modernism represented by Futurism and Fascism. By examining the convergences and divergences of Futurist and Fascist visions of theatrical renewal, this article highlights not only the Hellenic character of Fascism’s modernism but also the role of Fascism in transforming classical traditions.

Futurist
Drama
Modernism (music)
Literature
Vision
Art
Art history
Philosophy


Visualizing Fascism: The Twentieth-Century Rise of the Global Right ed. by Julia Adeney Thomas and Geoff Eley

Historiography
Dictatorship
Variety (cybernetics)
Politics
Ideal (ethics)
History
Classics
Economic history
Sociology
Art history
Law
Political science
Democracy
Mathematics


“If You Go to the Right, You Will Come to the Left”: The Paradoxes of Chilean Fascism, 1930s–1940s

Nazism
Ideology
Political science
Left-wing politics
Racism
Communism
Law
Politics
Political movement
Democracy
New Left
Socialism
Political economy
Economic history
Sociology
History


‘With the Abyssinian Armies, in Defence of Africa’s Only Native State’: Varieties of South African Anti-Fascism, 1930s–1960s

Noting the prominence of anti-fascist rhetoric in contemporary South African politics, the article returns to the varieties of South African anti-fascism inspired by the Italian invasion of Ethiopia in 1935. Opening with a brief survey of South African support for the Italian invasion, three varieties of anti-fascism are analysed: first, white South African anti-fascism, both Prime Minister J. B. M. Hertzog’s support of sanctions against Italy in parliament and popular anti-fascism expressed in the white English-speaking press; second, black South African anti-fascism as articulated in newspapers like Bantu World and Umteteli wa Bantu; and, third, the socialist anti-fascism of the Communist Party of South Africa (in Umvikeli-Thebe/The African Defender and Umsebenzi), of Trotskyist groups (in The Spark), and of independent radicals. Two subsequent expressions of anti-fascism conclude the article. The first is the anti-fascism of the white South African soldiers who fought in Ethiopia in 1940–1941; the second, the 1966 speech in Addis Ababa by Jacob Nyaose, the Pan Africanist Congress Secretary for Labour on the national executive, which commemorated the South African soldiers who died liberating Ethiopia from fascism.

Bantu languages
White (mutation)
Parliament
History of Africa
State (computer science)
Politics
Newspaper
Ancient history
Communism
History
Ethnology
Gender studies
Political science
Law
Sociology


Right now: contemporary forms of far-right populism and fascism in the Global South

Ewa Latecka
Jean Du Toit
Gregory Morgan Swer

Department of Philosophy and Applied Ethics, Faculty of Arts, University of Zululand, Empangeni, South Africa

School of Religion, Philosophy and Classics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa

Acta Academica Critical views on society culture and politics

Acta Academica is an accredited, open access South African journal dedicated to scholarship in the humanities. The journal publishes independently refereed research articles in the humanities. It promotes the perspectives of critical social theory and engagements with postcolonial and post-developmental debates with special references to (Southern) Africa. The journal is thereby in support of scholarly work that examines how the humanities in the twenty-first century respond to the double imperative of theorising the world and changing it. The journal appears twice a year and is published in English. Acta Academica charges no submission and article processing fees.

Scholarship
Populism
Far right
Humanities
Sociology
Political science
Media studies
History
Social science
Law
Art
Politics


The Comintern Concept of Fascism in Relation to the Socio-Political Situation in Latin America in the Interwar Period, 1920—1930s

Dictatorship
Latin Americans
Communism
Politics
Authoritarianism
Economic history
Political science
Bourgeoisie
Relation (database)
Period (music)
Feudalism
Class conflict
Political economy
Democracy
Sociology
Law
History


ANTI‐FASCISM AND FREE SPEECH ON CAMPUS: ERNST TOLLER'S QUEENS COLLEGE AFFAIR1

Hunter College City University of New York

Hunter College, City University of New York

Nazism
German
Borough
Criticism
History
Nazi Germany
Classics
Sociology
Law
Art history
Political science
Archaeology


Giovanni Battista Montini (Paul VI): From the legacy of Christian Democracy to the encounter with fascism, 1925–33

Instituto de Historia Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales Universidad San Sebastián  Santiago Chile

Democracy
Character (mathematics)
Politics
Religious studies
Political science
Psychoanalysis
Sociology
Psychology
Philosophy
Law


Neo-Nazi Terrorism and Countercultural Fascism: The Origins and Afterlife of James Mason’s Siege, Spencer Sunshine (2024)

Afterlife
Siege
Terrorism
Nazism
Nazi Germany
Art
Religious studies
Political science
History
Criminology
Ancient history
Politics
Sociology
Law
Philosophy
Literature


Axis Occupation and the Odeon of Herodes Atticus: Artistic Production under Fascism (1941–1942)

German
Homeland
Politics
Spectacle
Ideology
Appropriation
Mythology
Art
History
Literature
Ancient history
Law
Political science
Archaeology
Philosophy


Minders of the Clock and Starvers of the People: Everyday Fascism and the Grassroots Logic of Revolutionary Defascistization in Monfalcone, Italy, 1922–1946

Dictatorship
Grassroots
Politics
Authoritarianism
Everyday life
Democracy
Power (physics)
Communism
Sociology
Democratic ideals
Political economy
Political science
Media studies
Law


Mythologies of Genesis and Neo-Nazi Palingenesis: Commemorating the Battle of Thermopylae in the Political Rites of the Golden Dawn

Arts, Culture and Media, Faculty of Arts, University of Groningen, 9712 GK Groningen, The Netherlands

Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

This article examines the public commemorations of the battle of Thermopylae held by the Greek neo-Nazi party Golden Dawn in the wider context of fascist appropriations of classical antiquity. The discussion focuses on the rhetorical and cultural mechanisms involved in transforming the historical event into a fascist mythology. Drawing on methodologies of narrative analysis and performance studies, I examine the narrative patterns and ritual practices deployed in these commemorations to engross the participants in stories of genesis and rebirth. During the commemorations of Thermopylae, Golden Dawn strove to revive both the spirit of the Spartan soldiers and the ideals of Nazism. The example of GD demonstrates that the persistence of the narrative of rebirth within neo-Nazi cultures is instrumental in the resurgence of fascism. By looking at this example closely, we can conclude that commitment of neo-Nazi groups to classical antiquity invites reflection upon the role of classical traditions in Western culture.

Nazism
Battle
Narrative
Politics
Mythology
History
Rhetorical question
Literature
Context (archaeology)
Art
Ancient history
Law
Archaeology
Political science


The ‘other revolution’. The Italian extreme right beyond the legacy of fascism: Political and generational confrontations in the 1960s and 1970s

Extreme right
Politics
Political science
Political economy
Sociology
History
Law


The Brown Plague and the White Sickness: Fascism and the Crisis of Democracy in Karel Čapek’s The White Sickness and Albert Camus’s The Plague

University of Illinois, Chicago, United States

Plague (disease)
White (mutation)
Politics
Democracy
Nazism
Karel
German
Ancient history
History
Literature
Psychoanalysis
Law
Art
Art history
Political science
Psychology


Commissioned Book Review: Beth Rabinowitz, <i>Defensive Nationalism – Explaining the Rise of Populism and Fascism in the 21st Century</i>

Based on: Defensive Nationalism – Explaining the Rise of Populism and Fascism in the 21st Century by Rabinowitz Beth. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2023, 304 pp., £21.99, ISBN: 978-0197672044.

Populism
Nationalism
Political science
Media studies
Economic history
Political economy
Sociology
Law
History
Politics


Marzia Casolari. In the Shadow of the Swastika: The Relationships Between Indian Radical Nationalism, Italian Fascism and Nazism

South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal

School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences

In the Shadow of the Swastika is a groundbreaking work by Marzia Casolari, an Italian scholar who specializes in Modern Indian History and, 20 years ago, wrote an article on the same topic which was published in Economic and Political Weekly (Casolari 2000). The article shook up the Indian history community as it established direct links between Italian fascists and Bengali nationalists in colonial India. There have been several works analyzing the relationship between Hindu nationalism and F...

Nazism
Nationalism
Shadow (psychology)
Radical right
Political science
Religious studies
Philosophy
Law
Psychoanalysis
Psychology
Politics


‘Missed Revolutions’: Historical Narratives During Italian Fascism (from Delio Cantimori to Camillo Pellizzi)

Abstract This article analyses some examples of historical narratives that, long before the emergence of so‐called postmodern history, had a specific narrative character: the reconstructions of ‘missed revolutions’ taking into account a possible alternative history and tracing back the reasons for a social, political, and economic crisis to an interrupted process, one that, had it been completed, would have triggered some sort of progress. Even if this kind of historical representation cannot properly be classified as a form of alternate history, it can be placed between traditional historical accounts of the past and a more innovative pattern, which entails a more speculative argumentation, and therefore has been used to justify or suggest specific political claims. One of the most obvious examples of this literature are the narrations of the ‘unaccomplished Risorgimento’, which was a highly debated theme in the political, intellectual, and historical discussion from the period of the Italian unification until the economic and political reconstruction following the Second World War. This article will stress four possible functions of the ‘missed revolution’ narratives: first, as a way to discover some currents that have been underestimated by the official historiography or mainstream political discourse; second, to observe the role assigned to particular events in altering the destiny of a nation; third, to show how political and intellectual actors use history to justify political actions or events; and finally, to reveal how, conversely, by reconstructing ‘missed revolutions’ individual historians and, more generally, public intellectuals can take up a specific political stance while writing history.

Politics
Historiography
Narrative
History
Political history
Theme (computing)
Narrative history
Intellectual history
Sociology
Literature
Aesthetics
Law
Political science
Economic history
Philosophy


Spencer Sunshine, Neo-Nazi Terrorism and Countercultural Fascism: The Origins and Afterlife of James Mason’s Siege

Alternative Spirituality and Religion Review

Afterlife
Siege
Nazism
Terrorism
Nazi Germany
Art
Religious studies
Ancient history
History
Political science
Philosophy
Literature
Law
Politics


The Extreme Right, Climate Change and Terrorism

Center for Research on Extremism (C-REX), University of Oslo, Norway

“Eco-fascism” has recently regained prominence following two of the most lethal extreme right terrorist attacks: the murderous assault on two mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand, which killed fifty-one, and the massacre at a Walmart in El Paso, Texas, which killed twenty-two. Both of these attacks were justified by their perpetrators, at least in part, in environmental terms. Brenton Tarrant, the Christchurch terrorist, went so far as to proclaim himself an “eco-fascist.” Whilst “radical right” populism is often associated with climate denial, “extreme right” environmentalism, with its roots in the “blood and soil” thinking of Nazism, is concerned with protecting the spiritual link that supposedly exists between man and nature. Having established the historical lineage of such ideas, the article explores how contemporary extreme right groups have reacted to population growth, migration, and climate change. It explores the emergence of a particular form of “dark green” environmentalism that builds upon the “blood and soil” ideas of Nazism, synthesizing them with an anti-human ecology derived from several sources including Greco-French Hitler-worshipper Savitri Devi; the “Unabomber” Ted Kaczynski; and the Finnish environmentalist and misanthrope Pentti Linkola. The misanthropic ideas of these three ideologues and their extreme “solutions” to environmental degradation and overpopulation represent an increasingly prevalent ideological tendency within extreme right subcultures online. The violent panaceas they advocate and envisage as being necessary to defend the natural environment will undoubtedly gain greater prominence as climate change-driven migration northwards to Europe intensifies.

Environmentalism
Terrorism
Ideology
Environmental ethics
Overpopulation
Population
Nazism
Populism
Militant
Climate change
Sociology
Political science
Law
Ecology
Politics
Philosophy


Memorial complexes to the victims of fascism in the Crimea. Permissible Borrowings as a legitimate way to create a derivative work

Zemleustrojstvo, kadastr i monitoring zemel' (Land management, cadastre and land monitoring)

Derivative (finance)
Nazism
Work (physics)
Law
History
Sociology
Political science
Engineering
Business
Mechanical engineering


Not Your Good Germans: Holocaust Memory, Anti-Fascism, and the Anti-Zionism of the Jewish New Left

Associate Professor, Department of English, Indiana University South Bend South Bend, IN USA

The Holocaust
Judaism
Zionism
Nationalism
Haskalah
Politics
Jewish identity
Anti-Zionism
Context (archaeology)
Sociology
Jewish studies
Religious studies
Gender studies
History
Law
Political science
Philosophy


Understanding the Essence of German Fascism in American Historiography During the Struggle for Power of the Hitler’s Party (1923–1933)

ÈÑÒÎÐÈÎÃÐÀÔÈß ОСМЫСЛЕНИЕ СУЩНОСТИ ГЕРМАНСКОГО ФАШИЗМА В АМЕРИКАНСКОЙ ИСТОРИОГРАФИИ В ПЕРИОД БОРЬБЫ ЗА ВЛАСТЬ ГИТЛЕРОВСКОЙ ПАРТИИ (1923-1933) А.А.Богдашкин В статье рассматриваются взгляды американских исследователей и некоторых публицистов 1923-1933 гг.о борьбе за власть Национал социалистической рабочей партии Германии и сущности немецкого фа шизма.На основе проведенного анализа ставится под сомнение право мерность широко распространенного в западной историографии представления о непричастности экономической и политической элиты Веймарской республики в приходе Гитлера к власти.Содержащиеся в рассматриваемых работах выводы свидетельствуют, что значительная часть американских авторов довольно снисходительно относилась к на цистам и считала возможным

Historiography
German
Power (physics)
Political science
History
Law
Literature
Art
Archaeology
Physics


Italian Politics and Culture from Fascism to Postwar Democracy in the Life and Work of Uguccione Ranieri di Sorbello (1906–1969)

Roberto Dolci
Ruggero Ranieri
Antonella Valoroso

Politics
Democracy
Work (physics)
Sociology
Political science
Social science
Political economy
Law
Engineering
Mechanical engineering


THE IMAGE OF THE ENEMY IN SOVIET PROPAGANDA DURING THE TURNING POINT OF THE STRUGGLE AGAINST FASCISM (June 1942 – August 1943)

The article examines the problems of the enemy image evolution during the turning point of the struggle of the Soviet people against fascism. The most important aspects of the ideological struggle between Germany and the Soviet Union in June 1942 – August 1943 are studied. The reasons for the transformation of the enemy’s image are substantiated based on the analysis of the wartime events that took place. The relevance of this issue is determined primarily by the importance of preserving the memory of the Great Patriotic War, in which knowledge about the enemy played a decisive role. This victorious experience can help to counteract the resurgence of the Nazi ideas in the modern world. Thanks to deep and comprehensive studying the mechanism of military patriotic propaganda and the introducing new technologies into it, the tasks of preserving identity and developing our society were solved. Currently, these historical processes will help to broaden the horizons and develop moral and patriotic values in modern youth. The purpose of the article is to consider the transformation of the enemy image the during the radical turning point in the Great Patriotic War in June 1942 – August 1943 in order to identify the most characteristic features of its depiction in various materials of Soviet patriotic propaganda. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of this research is both general scientific and special historical principles and methods of cognition, including the principles of historicism, objectivity and consistency, as well as a set of methods that made it possible to conduct a comprehensive analysis of archival and other research sources, including historical-genetic, historical-typological, historical-systemic and others. The work is based on archival documents and periodical materials. Study results. The most important circumstances of this period are noted, which played a decisive role in the development of the enemy image in the Soviet propaganda. The article presents the most characteristic features of the enemy’s image created by the Soviet propaganda. The article examines the changes in German propaganda among the population of the occupied territories. A comparative analysis of the activities performed by propagandists of the Nazi Germany and the USSR is carried out. The author provides examples of creating the enemy image based on the study of documentary sources, embodied in works of literature and art. The metaphorical image of the enemy reflected in the Soviet propaganda is revealed based on the study of archival materials and periodicals. At this, the importance of naturalistic description of the crimes committed by the fascists against the civilian population of the occupied territories is assessed in order to present the true face of the invaders and mobilize the society to fight the enemy. The issues of the legitimacy of the power of the warring parties are revealed. Conclusions. During this crucial period of the Great Patriotic War, significant changes are taking place in the image of the enemy. The original image of an inhuman, bestial enemy enslaving more and more lands, after the defeats suffered by the German army, is transformed into a caricature of a defeated cowardly enemy. The enemy is still strong, cruel and insidious, but the image of the defeated enemy is becoming dominant in the works of the Soviet propaganda and in public mind. The inevitability of victory becomes the dominant leitmotif in the Soviet propaganda and the enemy in the images created by propaganda should cause a feeling of disgust. Naturalization of the submitting the information about crimes committed by fascists and their accomplices becomes an important factor. It is referred to the development of a counter-propaganda system that convinces people that an inhuman enemy who kills women and children cannot be trusted. The images created in Soviet propaganda works achieved their goal and were firmly rooted in the public consciousness.

Turning point
Adversary
Point (geometry)
History
Ancient history
Political science
Art
Aesthetics
Period (music)
Mathematics
Computer science
Geometry
Computer security


Paolo Heywood | Burying Mussolini. Ordinary Life in the Shadows of Fascism, Ithaca and London, Cornell University Press, 2024, pp. 204.

Nel suo recente volume, Burying Mussolini. Ordinary Life in the Shadows of Fascism, Paolo Heywood propone un’etnografia del paese natale di Benito Mussolini. Frutto di quattro anni di lavoro sul campo, l’opera traccia non solo un quadro degli sforzi dei predappiesi nel vivere la propria quotidianità in un luogo alquanto eccezionale, ma anche una riflessione accurata che tematizza il concetto di “ordinarietà”, de-naturalizzandolo e svelandone il carattere culturale, sociale e politico. Attrav...


italiano e la guerra di Libia, Roma, Editori Riuniti, 1976

To don't forget the italian fascism's memory and don't place hime in the oblivion: On the fascism (2011) by Ivo Andric and The fourth Italy (2013) by Joseph Roth) Two different stories and destinies for Ivo Andric (1892-1975) and Joseph Roth (1894-1939), but with something in common: before the aversion and after the hatred for the fascism.Ivo Andric and Joseoh Roth have been in Italy in two differents moments of the twenties.Andric, diplomatic in Rome and Trieste, published some articles on the italian fascism who haven't still became a dictature in two jugoslavian reviews into 1923 and 1926, in wich appears too two famous victims of the fascist violence, Giacomo Matteotti and Giovanni Amendola; Roth, in Italy in 1928 as correspondent for a german newspaper, offers instead a portrait of an italian fascism becamed dictature from a few time.It appears important to discover today the writings of the two authors on the italian fascism of the twenties, for longtime unknowns, to avoid the reappearance of this plague of the twentieth century.

German
Hatred
Period (music)
Duchy
History
Art history
Classics
Art
Law
Politics


Damsels in distress: Fragile masculinity in digital war

Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, The Netherlands

The Russian full-scale invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022 was a culmination of anti-Ukrainian rhetoric that Russian political elite and state-controlled media have been promoting at least since 2013. Apart from accusing Ukraine of being a Neo-Nazi state, pro-Kremlin commentators have espoused a heavily gendered rhetoric describing Ukraine as a loose woman in need of saving by its older brother. Gendered discourse was instrumentalized in Russian foreign policy not only through aggressive masculinity, but also through femininity. The latter, in contrast, sought to downplay the aggressive masculinity associated with fascism and consequently diminish Ukraine’s agency and status compared to Russia. This article offers a taxonomy of feminization rhetoric that shows how different types of gendered constructs influence the success of securitization process. Drawing on empirical material from Russian social networks during the first war in Ukraine in 2014–2016, this article argues against gender’s silencing role but, instead, its central role in influencing every stage of securitization process. Moreover, the author shows how feminization rhetoric paved the way to the legitimation of the current war.

Rhetoric
Masculinity
Ukrainian
Elite
Legitimation
Feminization (sociology)
Gender studies
Sociology
Political science
Politics
Femininity
State (computer science)
Political economy
Law


(Neo-)fascisms and the “fabrication of negative alterities”: contributions to the updating of the constitutional prohibition of fascist organisations in light of the structuring principles of the Portuguese legal system

This article will aim to explore the new far-right movements following the prohibition of organisations that follow the fascist ideology that the Portuguese Constitution outlaws, based on a characteristic that we will argue is common to the far-right and, a fortiori, to fascisms throughout their existence. That is the discrimination and persecution of people belonging to social groups with a history of oppression due to characteristics that make up their identities – we will call them identity minorities. First of all, we will try to analyse the relationship between the new far-right movements and the classical fascisms, to which the aforementioned prohibition is mainly associated. Having established this connection, we will seek to base our point of view on the incompatibility between the contemporary far-right and the founding principles of the Portuguese legal system and of the process of European integration, not ignoring, with the support of the works of Jorge Reis Novais, Charles Taylor, Emmanuel Levinas and Paul Ricœur, the demand for respect for the otherness of the Other that guides those two political and legal projects.

Portuguese
Structuring
Political science
Law
Constitutional review
Fabrication
Sociology
Philosophy
Constitution
Linguistics
Medicine


The Age of Political Disincorporation: Geo-Capitalist Conflict and the Politics of Authoritarian Statism

Politics and International Studies, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia

Statism
Authoritarianism
Politics
Political economy
China
State (computer science)
Rivalry
Geopolitics
Political science
Sociology
Economic system
Law
Economics
Democracy


Emilio Gentile on Italian Fascism and Political Religions. Book Review: Gentile E. (2021) Political Religions. Between democracy and totalitarianism, St. Petersburg: Vladimir Dal; Gentile E. (2022) Fascism. History and interpretation, St. Petersburg: Vladimir Dal

St petersburg
Politics
Interpretation (philosophy)
Political science
History
Law
Philosophy
Archaeology


Marx Memorial Library and Workers’ School at 90 Symposium: Popular Fronts and Resistance to Fascism: Learning the lessons of 1933 and the founding of the Marx Memorial Library in Context

Mary Davis
Sitaram Yerchury
Renate Koppe
Patrick Theuret

Mary Davis is secretary of the Marx Memorial Library and Workers’ School

Sitaram Yerchury is general secretary of the Communist Party of India (Marxist)

Renate Koppe is a member of the central committee of the German Communist Party

Patrick Theuret is former director of International Correspondence

Resistance (ecology)
Context (archaeology)
Sociology
Library science
Media studies
Political science
History
Computer science
Biology
Archaeology


White supremacists are in the streets: What are we to do? A review of How fascism works: The politics of us and them by Jason Stanley in the aftermath of the “March for Australia”

International journal of narrative therapy and community work

In the aftermath of the far-right “March for Australia”, David Denborough reviews Jason Stanley’s (2020) book How Fascism Works: The politics of us and them. Penguin. 256pp. ISBN 9780525511854


Activities of the Polish-Baltic Land Secretariat of the Comintern in 1933—1935 and the Struggle of the United Popular Front Against Fascism

State Academic University for the Humanities

Communism
Politics
Power (physics)
Work (physics)
United front
State (computer science)


Gender-Affect Studies, Methodology and Historicality : From Historical Fascism Studies to Critical research about Remote control power

Affect (linguistics)
Power (physics)
Control (management)
Psychology
Sociology
Political science
History
Computer science
Thermodynamics
Physics


Responsible Testimony: The Memory of Fascism in Carlo Lucarelli&rsquo;s Inspector De Luca Series (1990-2020) Between Complicity and Implication

This article examines the memory of Fascism in Carlo Lucarelli’s Inspector De Luca series (1990–2020), exploring how these popular crime fiction novels address themes of complicity and implication. By tracing the ethical dilemmas and evolving self-awareness of De Luca—a detective navigating Italy’s transition from dictatorship to democracy—the series provides a compelling reflection on the dynamics of complicity and personal involvement in Fascist violence. Through detailed literary analysis, the article demonstrates how Lucarelli’s works resist uncritical or redemptive narratives by foregrounding the protagonist’s shared responsibility for Fascist crimes and his entanglement in structural violence. Drawing on theories of complicity, implication, and perpetrator testimony, it argues that the series performs an act of ‘responsible testimony’, challenging dominant mnemonic frameworks in Italian culture that have historically minimised complicity. The study underscores the value of contemporary literary fiction in reshaping Italian cultural memory by foregrounding complicit voices that compel readers to confront uncomfortable ethical questions about the interplay between individual agency and systemic oppression.

Complicity
Series (stratigraphy)
Art
Psychology
Law
Political science
Biology
Paleontology


Criminal Justice in Italy between the End of the Liberal State and Fascism: Transnational Perspectives between the USA and Italy (1919-1945)

This article considers how American scholars and articles published in English viewed the Italian reforms of Criminal Justice implemented between the “Ferri project” (1919) and the Fascist regime. It analyzes in particular how Fascist criminal reforms have been received, interpreted and assessed from that perspective. To summarize the views of American legal thinkers on Fascist criminal reforms we can say that, despite the popularity of positivism in the U.S. at the turn of the century, the radical Ferri Code was criticized in several respects. By the mid-1930s American responses were still focused on questions of criminal science, rather than the nature of the regime itself. The isolationist policy of the U.S. did not prevent a number of scholars from assessing certain aspects of Fascist codes and criminal reforms, pointing out problems and contradictions. The transnational viewpoint is therefore important to understand better the real nature of the Fascist regime and the formal maintenance of the principle of legality.

State (computer science)
Criminal justice
Political science
Economic Justice
Criminology
Sociology
Law


Fascism and Constitutional Conflict: The British Extreme Right and Ulster in the Twentieth Century. By JamesLoughlin. Liverpool University Press, 2019. 366pp. £90.00.

History
Law
Extreme right
Classics
Media studies
Political science
Sociology


Godayol, Pilar & Taronna, Annarita. Foreign Women Authors under Fascism and Francoism: Gender, Translation and Censorship. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2018. 225 p.

Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
UFSC
Tradutora e pesquisadora independente

Resenha do livro Foreign Women Authors under Fascism and Francoism: Gender, Translation and Censorship.

Censorship
Publishing
Translation (biology)
Sociology
Art
Philosophy
Theology
Literature
Biology
Genetics


We have always been here, we’ve been here before: Responding to ongoing anti-trans fascism and colonisation with history, storytelling, and connection to land and community

This video contribution highlights the importance of active response and continued resistance – not reaction – to the rise in transmisogyny, anti-trans and racist hate. Lorraine urges all caring adults, helpers and professionals to recognise how colonial, capitalist and white supremacist systems fuel a sense of overwhelm and can create embodied distress, especially for those under attack by these systems. LG invites us to be accountable and alert to how these forces often replicate themselves and can find their way into our practices within health care and therapy, especially when it comes to transgender and Two-Spirit health care. Lorraine introduces a potential tool and resource, the We Are Allies project, which is a Health Canada–funded initiative that uplifts Two-Spirit, trans and gender-diverse knowledges, teaches about mis- and disinformation, and (re)connects parents, new learners, potential allies and others with liberatory gender histories and information. Through storytelling and history, Lorraine calls for discernment, connection and local practices of care, rest and solidarity in resisting transphobia and fascism.


Czechoslovak intellectual debate on the crisis of democracy in the 1930s

AMBIS College, Lindnerova 575/1, 180 00, Prague 8 – Libeň, Czech Republic

Democracy
Karel
Czech
Nazism
Geopolitics
Political science
Political philosophy
Politics
Economic history
Political economy
Sociology
Law
Philosophy
History
Art history


Three Modalities of the Italian Memory of Fascism: Cronache di poveri amanti , La casa in collina , Tempo di uccidere , and the Issue of Responsibility

This article examines the moral and political questions raised by Fascism through an analysis of three canonical postwar Italian novels: Vasco Pratolini's Cronache di poveri amanti, Cesare Pavese's La casa in collina, and Ennio Flaiano's Tempo di uccidere. By exploring the specific memory of Fascism that these texts create, the article shows that their different approaches to the past depend on distinct conceptualizations of responsibility, which are defined as antagonistic, multiperspectival-but-restricted, and perpetrator-centered. Pratolini's novel condemns the regime and portrays ordinary Italians as resistant to the fascist regime. Pavese's work offers a more nuanced, multiperspectival approach, yet limits its ethical reflection to the Italian Civil War, leaving other crucial aspects of fascist history unaddressed. In contrast, Flaiano's Tempo di uccidere foregrounds a memory centered on both individual guilt and collective responsibility for fascist and colonial crimes. The article argues that the modalities informing Pratolini's and Pavese's works are related to approaches to the fascist past that dominated Italian collective memory in the 1960s and early 2000s, while the mnemonic modality of Flaiano's novel has been largely subordinate in Italian memory culture. Through this comparative literary analysis, the article challenges existing interpretations of these canonical works, and it underscores the role of postwar literature in shaping diverse memories of Fascism.

Modalities Humanities Art Sociology Anthropology


Suggestions for the use of written historical sources in "Studying the topic general and specific characteristics of totalitarian political regimes from the interwar period: fascism, nazism, communism" (high school cycle)


Putin’s Abuse of History: Ukrainian ‘Nazis’, ‘Genocide’, and a Fake Threat Scenario

Grzegorz Rossoliński-Liebe
Bastiaan Willems

This research note explores the place of Nazism and historical genocide in early-twentieth century Ukraine and the ways in which the evaluation of these historical processes inform current Ukrainian politics. The Russian invasion of Ukraine in late February 2022 was preceded by two speeches by Russia's President Vladimir Putin, in which he promised to 'denazify' Ukraine. He further stated that genocide was being committed against the (predominantly Russian-speaking) people of eastern Ukraine, something which his forces were to bring to an immediate halt. The speeches drew on a number of historical parallels – mainly from Ukraine's Nazi occupation during the Second World War – in an attempt to justify the decision to occupy Ukraine. The language of 'Ukrainian Nazism and genocide' became a staple of Russian state media in the weeks following the start of operations, and have permeated everyday life in Russia. In 'the West', meanwhile, the use of these terms was met with outrage and misunderstanding, and they were largely considered to be baseless and deliberately inflammatory. By offering a brief overview of the place fascism and genocide held in Ukraine during the Second World War, this research note explores how Ukraine's turbulent history is being deliberately misconstrued.

Genocide
Ukrainian
Nazism
Politics
Political science
State (computer science)
Law
History


The monarchy and the Fascist regime in Italy

Department of History, University of Georgia, Georgia, USA

Monarchy
Opposition (politics)
Alliance
Rhetoric
Dictator
Power (physics)
Law
Absolute monarchy
Spanish Civil War
Ancient history
Politics
Philosophy
Political science
History
Theology


Andrea Di Michele / Filippo Focardi (Eds.), Rethinking Fascism. The Italian and German Dictatorships. (Studies in Early Modern and Contemporary European History, Vol. 4.) Berlin/Boston, De Gruyter 2022

Technische Universität Darmstadt , Institut für Geschichte , Darmstadt , 64293 , Germany

Dictatorship
German
History
Economic history
Humanities
Political science
Art
Law
Archaeology
Democracy
Politics


Assault on Democracy in the Interwar Years (K. Weyland. Assault on Democracy. Communism, Fascism and Authoritarianism during the Interwar Years. Cambridge (UK); New York, 2021)

Institute of Scientific Information on Social Sciences, RAS

Authoritarianism
Democracy
Communism
Interwar period
Political science
Economic history
Criminology
Law
Sociology
History
Politics
World War II


Mussolini and the Eclipse of Italian Fascism: From Dictatorship to Populism By R. J. B. Bosworth. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2021. Pp. xiv + 338. Cloth $32.50. ISBN: 978-0300232721.

King's University College at Western University

Dictatorship
Haven
Eclipse
Populism
Economic history
Art
Political science
Humanities
History
Law
Democracy
Politics
Mathematics
Physics
Combinatorics


Ruscism as a variant of the fascist form of state-legal regime

PhD in Law, Associate Professor Lviv State University of Internal Affairs, 26 Horodotska St., Lviv 79000, Ukraine

The relevance of the paper lies in the emergence of a new type of fascism in the Russian Federation – ruscism, which in the 21st century returned humanity to the understanding that the revival of the most dangerous forms of the state-legal regime is possible. The purpose of the study is to define ruscism, analyse its origin as a separate phenomenon and the development of constituent elements, and identify similar and distinctive features with classical fascism and its varieties. Methods of dialectics, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, generalisation, and analogy are used as methodological tools. Historical and comparative approaches allow investigating the evolution of the origin and development of ruscism, identifying its common and distinctive features with classical fascism and its varieties. There are clear signs of fascism and its varieties. The paper examines the convergence of fascism with the Russian world, Russian imperial chauvinism, and criminal practices of the communist regime of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. It is established that the result of the ruscist regime was the creation of a totalitarian repressive militaristic state in Russia, which unleashed aggressive wars against Georgia and Ukraine. The study highlights the systematic violations of international law, human rights, and fundamental freedoms inherent in the ruscist regime, and the implementation of the policy of genocide of the Ukrainian people. The definition of ruscism is formulated and the history of the development of both its individual constituent elements and it as an integral phenomenon is considered. The practical value of the study is to unify the use of the definition of ruscism both at the scientific and legislative levels to condemn and prohibit it as a criminal, misogynistic ideology and a form of state-legal regime.

Ukrainian
Phenomenon
State (computer science)
Chauvinism
Political science
Dialectic
Realpolitik
Communism
Law
Law and economics
Sociology
Political economy
Epistemology
Philosophy


The Truly "Shakespearean" Trump: Reading Fascism in Project 2025: In response to James S. Baumlin's "“The Shakespearean Moment” in American Popular/Political Culture: Editorializing in the Age of Trump"

Language Literature and Interdisciplinary Studies

As they struggle to report on our abnormal times, American news reporters and television newscasters have regularly invoked the name of Shakespeare, declaring this or that MAGA-Trumpian act “almost Shakespearean,” “Shakespearean,” or “truly Shakespearean.” In “‘The Shakespearean Moment’ in American Popular/Political Culture,” James S. Baumlin explores the underlying rhetoric. As Baumlin writes, there’s something “vague yet somehow apt” in the term: When, for example, some public figure does something monumentally stupid or mean and that act then redounds upon the person’s own head: Is that what the TV host intend[s] by the term, “Shakespearean”? When some politician leads a crowd chanting “Lock her up!” and then gets locked up himself, can we call that “Shakespearean”? Surely there’s some “cosmic irony” in such a moment […]. There’s something incredulous, as well. We find it hard to believe that anyone could be so stupid or so mean as to do or to say … that. “I wouldn’t have believed it if I hadn’t seen it”: Words to that effect invite us to call a moment “Shakespearean.” So I assume. But there’s something more lurking in this usage. (2.29) The “something more,” as Baumlin describes it, focuses less on actions of the age’s political “players” and more on the cultural/political role of their citizen-audiences. As Baumlin notes, “the term ‘Shakespearean’ serves to identify or, more saliently, ‘to make visible’ our own historical moment, when we become aware of ourselves as witness/audience within that moment” (2.32).

Reading (process)
Culture of the United States
Politics
Moment (physics)
Popular culture
Literature
Art
Political science
Law


The Fallen Soldier as Fascist Exemplar: Military Cemeteries and Dead Heroes in Mussolini’s Italy

University of Groningen, Faculty of Arts, Groningen, Netherlands

Comparative Studies in Society and History

Abstract This article aims to dissect the nature of exemplarity in Italian Fascism. The social and political structures that emerged in Fascist Italy were highly reliant on a sense of morality, largely because of the degree of violence inherent in those structures. Under Fascism, morality was founded on concrete examples rather than on abstract principles. Exemplars were idealized sources of moral strength, and figures with the capacity to inspire or persuade. In particular, the fallen soldier and those who died for the nation constituted a major category of Fascist exemplars. Thus, soldiers who fell in the First World War were awarded exemplary status in order to encourage behaviors favorable to the regime. With the goal to demonstrate the importance awarded to exemplars, this paper focuses on a group of ossuaries, or bone depositaries, that were built under Mussolini’s dictatorship, and within which the regime reburied the remains of soldiers who fell in the First World War. The main purpose of the ossuaries was to present the dead as role models that might boost support for a program of nationalism, militarism, and imperialism. Thus, while their creation drew on factors such as Romantic literature and Italy’s religious and political traditions, the ossuaries represent an ideal case study of how Fascist morality was aided by and expressed through the use of exemplars.

Militarism
Fell
Morality
Dictatorship
Politics
Nationalism
Sociology
Ideal (ethics)
Romance
History
Law
Political science
Gender studies
Art
Literature
Geography
Cartography


Diventare antifascisti: i motivi che portarono Lionello Venturi a rifiutare il giuramento di fedeltà al fascismo del 1931 - Becoming anti-fascists: the reasons that led Lionello Venturi to refuse the 1931 oath of allegiance to Fascism

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)

The reasons that led the art historian Lionello Venturi to refuse his oath of allegiance to Fascism in 1931 were numerous and varied, of a public but also private nature. His training had led him to cultivate a liberal-democratic and largely inclusive nationalism, but in the 1920s his cultural alienation from Fascism had not prevented him from trying to use his networks of influence in the new Italy to confirm his contacts and his relationships, his ascendancy, and his individual freedom. At the beginning of the 1930s, however, the regime tried to limit his travels abroad and to prevent him from having relations with the collector Riccardo Gualino, asked him to swear allegiance to Fascism and arrested his son, while denying him access to the chair of Art History at the University of Rome. Lionello Venturi therefore decided that the construction of his role as a scholar and connoisseur could also continue outside the University and far from Italy.

Oath
Venturi effect
Humanities
Art
Political science
Law
Engineering


Analyzing Russia’s propaganda tactics on Twitter using mixed methods network analysis and natural language processing: a case study of the 2022 invasion of Ukraine

Iuliia Alieva
Ian Kloo
Kathleen M. Carley

Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA

Abstract This paper examines Russia’s propaganda discourse on Twitter during the 2022 invasion of Ukraine. The study employs network analysis, natural language processing (NLP) techniques, and qualitative analysis to identify key communities and narratives associated with the prevalent and damaging narrative of “fascism/Nazism” in discussions related to the invasion. The paper implements a methodological pipeline to identify the main topics, and influential actors, as well as to examine the most impactful messages in spreading this disinformation narrative. Overall, this research contributes to the understanding of propaganda dissemination on social media platforms and provides insights into the narratives and communities involved in spreading disinformation during the invasion.

Disinformation
Narrative
Social media
Media studies
Social network analysis
Computer science
Sociology
Political science
Data science
Linguistics
World Wide Web


Mussolini and the Rise of Populism: The Man Who Made Fascism by Spencer Di Scala, Abingdon, Routledge, 2023, 286 pp., £104.00 (hardback), ISBN 978-1-032-49831-7.

Populism
Humanities
Political science
Philosophy
Law


AN OLD STORY IN A NEW WAY. Reflections on the margins of Grzegorz Rossolinski-Liebe's book. The life of Stepan Bandera: terrorism, fascism, genocide, cult. Kyiv: "Anthropos-logos-film", 2021. 624 p.

Степан Бандера як впливова історична особистість сформувався завдяки реалізації одного з найуспішніших українських суспільних проєктів ХХ ст.-Організації українських націоналістів (ОУН), основними цілями якого були відновлення незалежності й усвідомлення народу необхідності власної держави, чия відсутність стала основною

Cult
Genocide
Terrorism
Logos Bible Software
History
Art
Ancient history
Law
Philosophy
Political science
Theology


How Neofascism Emerges from Neoliberal Capitalism

Politics and International Relations, Florida International University School of International and Public Affairs, Miami, FL, USA

Political Science, Georgia Southern University–Armstrong, Savanah, GA, USA

Capitalism
Ideology
Neoliberalism (international relations)
Legitimacy
Political economy
Politics
State (computer science)
Capitalist state
Democracy
Political science
Sociology
Economic system
Neoclassical economics
Economics
Law


Italian Jewish Musicians and Composers under Fascism: Let Our Music Be Played edited by Alessandro Carrieri and Annalisa Capristo, Cham, Switzerland, Palgrave Macmillan, 2021, xiv + 210 pp., $129.99 (softcover and hardcover), ISBN 978-3-030-52933-8.

Judaism
Art
Humanities
Art history
History
Archaeology


Theft of Gramsci? On the radical right, radical left, and common sense

Department of Social and Cultural Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Abstract Drawing on ethnographic research with radical right-wing activists in Italy and Poland, my article reflects on the ways in which the Gramscian framework may enhance our understanding of the present-day political landscape. Gramsci’s role in the article is threefold. First, since he was a keen observer of fascist developments, I relate his observations on fascism and inquire into their relevance for understanding the rise of the far right today. Second, I explore the agendas of the movements I studied through the Gramscian lens. Inspired by the special issue’s editors, I examine the extent to which Gramsci’s concept of “common sense” is helpful for analyzing contemporary far-right activism. Third, I relate my own ethnographic observation to analyses of a broader terrain of far-right politics to shed light on the phenomenon of “far-right Gramscianism.” Bringing together all these observations on the radical right, “common sense” and Gramsci’s legacy, I reflect on the complex interrelationship between the radical right and the radical left.

Radical right
Common sense
Political radicalism
Sociology
Political science
Law and economics
Environmental ethics
Philosophy
Law
Politics


Displacing displacement: narratives for a haunting history

In this article, building on recent theories of displacement, I propose a definition of post-displacement as a ‘displacement of displacement’, or the displacement of already displaced histories. The analysis focuses on the ethnographic case of Latina, an Italian city built in 1932 by the Fascist regime. Given its controversial past that cannot be celebrated, Latina is presented here as a displaced city, whose history cannot serve as a locus for place-making, meaning-making, and future-making. I analyse how the selective re-elaboration of the city’s history by Latina’s inhabitants and local public officials displaces an already displaced history. Through a momentary silencing of Fascism and renewed connections to national history, these narratives allow for the past to be spoken about and remembered, while also fostering a sense of the self in place. Nonetheless, Fascism cannot be completely erased and remains a haunting absent presence. This article thus offers a reflection on (post-)displacement and on the presence and absence of Fascism in contemporary Italy.

Narrative
Displacement (psychology)
Displaced person
Sociology
Ethnography
Aesthetics
Meaning (existential)
Gender studies
History
Anthropology
Art
Literature
Psychoanalysis
Refugee
Philosophy
Epistemology
Psychology
Archaeology


Ivan Ilyin: fascist or ideologue of the White Movement utopia?

Department of East European Studies, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Náměstí J. Palacha 2, 11638, Praha, Czech Republic

Utopia
Ideology
White (mutation)
Movement (music)
Art
Art history
Aesthetics
Philosophy
Political science
Politics
Law
Chemistry


Emil L. Hammar
Carolyn Jong
Joachim Despland-Lichtert

Eludamos Journal for Computer Game Culture

University of Tromsø – The Arctic University of Norway

This article highlights the interrelated crises that the games industry, its digital game consumers, and the academic field of game studies are embedded in and responsible for reproducing. By couching our analysis in Marxist, feminist, anti-fascist, and anti-imperialist understandings of how our social relations arise from the historical-material basis of society, we identify several different conditions of modern digital games that everyone working in and around games should confront and take seriously, especially regarding contemporary and future impacts and restrictions on the type of research and education we are able to conduct. These crises emerge from social and economic structures including imperialism, racism, militarism, fascism, and patriarchy. To better confront them, we broadly define the causes from which the morbid symptoms we witness arise in primarily Western societies and how they manifest in the games industry, its consumers, and its academic institutions. Based off these aspects, we extrapolate their trajectory in how they will change and adapt to the future of games and of their study, as the ecological and social crises intensify and reverberate. This allows us to propose potential strategies for radically confronting and potentially overcoming the looming crises related to war, patriarchy, white supremacy, famine, destitution, fascism, and climate apocalypse.

Patriarchy
Militarism
Racism
Sociology
Political economy
Political science
Gender studies
Law
Politics


Commemoration and radical right-wing populism in European borderlands

Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research (LISER)

Populism
Radical right
Right wing
Political science
Extreme right
Sociology
Law
Politics


Geopolitics
Queer
Solidarity
Human sexuality
Autocracy
Power (physics)
Gender studies
Liminality
Sociology
Focus (optics)
Colonialism
Political science
Anthropology
Politics
Democracy
Law


Abuses of the past by the Italian far right: a first assessment of the Meloni government

European Politics and Society, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

Politics and International Relations, Northeastern University London, London, UK

Journal of Contemporary European Studies

Collective memory plays an important part in the ideational and cultural battlegrounds that characterise current European politics. The mobilisation and manipulation of the memory of Nazi-fascism, in particular, is a growing political and academic concern, related to the rise of far right parties throughout the continent and the mainstreaming of their ideas and positions. Focusing on the case of Italy, this article examines three recent examples of abuses of the country’s past committed by Fratelli d’Italia, a far right party with a direct lineage to fascism, and the pivot of the current Italian government. By analysing the three episodes in light of a conceptual triad of abuses of the dark past – historical reassessment; fake history; evocation-cum-denial of fascist connections – the article shows how post-fascist FdI has engaged in the whole gamut of memory abuses rapidly, and shortly after rising to power. This in turn raises concerns about the effects of such mnemonic manipulations on the cultural underpinning of Italian democracy, given the party’s current position of political, institutional, and cultural influence.

Far right
Government (linguistics)
Political science
Law
Politics
Philosophy
Linguistics


The Ideological Component in 21st Century Terrorism

The article analyzes transformation of the ideological factor of terrorism in 21st century. The author emphasizes transition from grand narratives (Marxism, fascism) to little narratives of new social movements. In his opinion terrorism without ideology is more dangerous than ideological terrorism.

Ideology
Terrorism
Narrative
Political science
Political economy
Criminology
Sociology
Law
Literature
Politics
Art


From denial to domestication: Unpacking Italy’s right-wing approach to climate migration and security

Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom

School of International Studies & Department of Sociology and Social Research, University of Trento, Via T. Gar 14, Trento 30122, Italy

Politics
Political economy
Climate change
Political science
Denial
Refugee
Climate justice
Sociology
Law


Relational antifascist education: Resisting neoliberal fascist productions

The Review of Education Pedagogy & Cultural Studies


College of Visual Arts and Design, University of North Texas

This article argues that art education ought to be central to the struggle against contemporary capitalist fascism. The authors turn to the space and time of the studio as the unique contribution of art education to antifascist struggles. In particular, the pataphysics of the studio – including its emphasis on producing particulars, laws of exceptions, and impossible solutions – all set adrift the rigidification of desirous production under capitalist reterritorialization. In conclusion, the article offers an invitation to art educators to experiment with a particular studious practice the authors call “protocoling” in relation to racist stereotypes as a way to break apart fascist subjectivities and the capture of desire into paranoid assemblages.


CONCEPT AND CHARACTERISTICS OF RACISM: HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE ISSUE

The Bulletin of Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University Series Philosophy philosophies of law political science sociology

National University “Yaroslav the Wise Law Academy of Ukraine”

The article analyzes attempts by Ukrainian scholars to conceptualize the notion of "ruscism" as the ideology and political regime of modern Russia. The evolution of the study of Putinism as a prototype of ruscism and the origins of the term "ruscism" are examined. The approaches of Ukrainian researchers to the definition of ruscism, its characteristics and connection with fascism are analyzed. The main tendencies in understanding ruscism are highlighted: as an ideology, Ukrainian scholars define imperialism, chauvinism, Russia's messianism; as a regime - totalitarianism, militarism, revanchism. Ruscism is closely related to fascism, but has specific features.

Historiography
Racism
History
Sociology
Epistemology
Philosophy
Gender studies
Archaeology


Comunicare il fascismo: il racconto della Rai

Università di Bo-logna, Dipartimento di Storia Culture Civiltà, Piazza S. Giovanni in Monte, 2, 40124 Bologna, Italy

ALMA MATER STUDIORUM Universitˆ di Bologna Dipartimento di Storia Culture CiviltĈ

Univ. di Bologna, Dipartimento di Storia Culture Civiltà

Laboratorio di Storia Beatrice Tioli Comunicare il

This essay is divided into 2 sections. The first one is about the storytelling broadcasted by Italian television from its origin to nowadays about Italy’s fascist era, investigating what and how has been broadcasted, and which are the following interpretations. The second one is a quantitative analysis, based on archival research on the Teche Rai, about the presence of fascism in Rai’s programming of the last 20 years, with a focus on 4 programs, to map the episodes dedicated to fascism (and related concepts).

Storytelling
Focus (optics)
Humanities
History
Art
Literature
Narrative


‘The Way We Were’: Everyday Life in Fascist Italy and Lessons of <i>Alltagsgeschichte</i>

University of Toronto-Scarborough, Canada

This article shows the benefits to be drawn by applying to Fascist Italy an approach that has emerged within the German literature on Nazism within the field of Alltagsgeschichte or the history of everyday life. That approach has the potential to counter a nostalgic, rose-tinted and depoliticized view of life under Fascism, which has arisen in Italian public discourse since the crisis of anti-Fascism in the 1990s. Through a series of vignettes, the authors illustrate how ‘ordinary’ Italians encountered the Fascist state within the spaces of daily life.

Everyday life
Sociology
Political science
Humanities
Art
Law


Against a nation state of emergency: how climate emergency politics can undermine climate justice

School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia

School of Political Science and International Studies, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia

Climate justice
State of emergency
Injustice
Capitalism
Politics
Climate change
Political economy
Political science
Environmental justice
Economic Justice
Colonialism
State of exception
Sociology
Environmental ethics
Law


MA Aesthetics and Politics Program, School of Critical Studies, California Institute of the Arts, Valencia, CA, USA

Formalism (music)
Politics
Epistemology
Philosophy
Theoretical physics
Physics
Political science
Literature
Art
Law


Nazism
Ridiculous
German
Politics
Literature
Representation (politics)
Nazi Germany
History
Art history
Art
Aesthetics
Law
Political science


Introduction: Whose Present? Which History?

College of Social Studies, Wesleyan University

There can be little doubt that the history profession is experiencing a turn to the present. The post-2016 “crisis of democracy” has only dramatized it. Long-standing anxieties over presentism have crumbled under the weight of recent events. They have proven little match for Brexit, Trump, the rise of strongmen in the world writ large, racial injustice, and the pandemic. The turn to the present, however, is at times marked by undeniable provincialism—one that consistently offers a narrow perspective for understanding new and emerging global realities. Some historians, for instance, have taken on the role of liberal watchmen ready to strike the tocsin against suspected fascism, but they regularly do so by focusing on Europe's fascist past of the 1930s to explain the contemporary order. Or consider the economic crisis brought on by the coronavirus pandemic. In the search for solutions, scholars proved quick to make historical comparisons to the great war economies of World Wars I and II, but appeared little bothered by the possibility that taking inspiration from Europe's age of extremes might “lead us to look for enemies and scapegoats.” So with the George Floyd protests: certain scholars and pundits likened them to the 1968 student protests in France and the United States, even as other scholars pointed out the historical shortcoming of the comparison.

Writ
Presentism
Democracy
History
Injustice
Political economy
Political science
Order (exchange)
Economic history
Sociology
Law
Politics


Martin Kristoffer Hamre
Sabrina Proschmann
Frederik Forrai Ørskov

Freie Universitat Berlin https://dx.doi.org/153725 Berlin Germany

Heinrich-Heine-Universitat Düsseldorf https://dx.doi.org/9170 Düsseldorf Germany

University of Helsinki Centre for Nordic Studies CENS https://dx.doi.org/3835 Helsinki Finland

Abstract Arising from a 2021 early career workshop on practices and notions of fascist internationalism, this special issue contributes to the evolving focus on transnational and international dimensions within the field of fascism studies. It emphasizes the interconnectedness of fascist governments, movements, and individuals across borders during the interwar period and during the Second World War, as well as the conflictual aspects of such cooperation. Rather than promoting a specific methodological or theoretical approach, the issue presents different perspectives on transnational fascism and fascist internationalisms. This introduction highlights five aspects on which the contributions make interventions: actors, women, organizations, geography, and hybridity.

Internationalism (politics)
Political science
Sociology
Hybridity
Interwar period
Field (mathematics)
Social science
World War II
Political economy
Anthropology
Law
Politics


Fascist Claims to Sovereign Power: Law, Politics and the Romanian Legionary Movement

Ideology
Sovereignty
Romanian
Politics
Political science
Law
Power (physics)
Political economy
Sociology
Philosophy


Class Politics and the Authoritarian Personality

Faculty of Arts and Education, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia

Authoritarianism
Ideology
Marxist philosophy
Sociology
Politics
Construct (python library)
Social science
Postmodernism
Epistemology
Law
Political science
Philosophy
Democracy


Strategy or Fascination? Subhas Chandra Bose’s Relations with Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany, and the Making of <i>Sāmyavāda</i> (1930s–1940s)

Department of History, School of Languages, Arts and Cultures, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

The Bengali politician Subhas Chandra Bose was one of the main protagonists of India’s fight for independence. From the early stages of his political life, he proved to be particularly receptive to the ideologies that were developing outside India at the time. His sojourns in Europe between 1933 and 1943 allowed him to directly observe and draw inspiration from the political experiments taking place there, and promote the cause of India’s independence. Bose’s personal contacts with, and declared support to Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany, and his original ideology, sāmyavāda (described by Bose as ‘a synthesis between Communism and Fascism’), have sparked controversy. Historiography frames Bose either as a mere supporter of Nazi-fascism intending to establish a similar regime in India, or a hero willing to do anything to free India from British colonialism. This paper argues that both fascination and strategy concurred in defining Bose’s relations with Italy and Germany, which differed from each other and developed over time. Similarly, sāmyavāda cannot be dismissed as derivative of Nazism or Fascism; this paper contends that it was a non-Western attempt to combine two ideologies traditionally considered antithetical into an original, though paradoxical, synthesis suited to an anti- and post-colonial programme.

Nazism
Ideology
Politics
Independence (probability theory)
Colonialism
HERO
Communism
History
Sociology
Law
Literature
Political science
Art


Seeking normalità in Alberto Moravia’s Il conformista: Towards an Italian history of the homosexual fascist in postwar memory

University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Forum Italicum A Journal of Italian Studies

This article analyzes the figure of the homosexual fascist, the ‘homo-fascist,’ in postwar cultural memory through the lens of Alberto Moravia's 1951 novel Il conformista ( The Conformist). Il conformista exemplifies the place of the homo-fascist narrative in crafting postwar cultural discourses around fascism, especially in the Italian case. Beginning from a close reading of the text combined with analysis of its historical context, the article deconstructs the narrative's interpretive logic to identify the many politically convenient fictions the homo-fascist offered within the growing project of postwar memory. These fictions, as embodied in the homo-fascist, facilitated the dual condemnation and excusal of fascism as the pathological weakness of the separate few, not the collective many. This analysis illuminates the often-overlooked historical role that narratives of homosexuality have played in the fluid construction of cultural, political, and social memories of fascism and its adherents. Viewing Il conformista within a specifically Italian vein of the narrative distinct from the German, moreover, critically reorients the text within Italy's individual and politically potent relationship to its Fascist past. Understanding the homo-fascist through Il conformista, therefore, enlightens not only the history of the homo-fascist figure, but also the histories of modern Italy, postwar memory culture, and sexual politics.

Narrative
Politics
History
Cultural memory
Context (archaeology)
Politics of memory
Literature
German
Art
Sociology
Anthropology
Law
Political science


Colorado State University
Colorado State University,
University of Hawaii at Hilo
University of Hawaii at Hilo,

The presidency of Trump has produced an increasing sense that we are possibly moving into a period of fascism in the United States. In this essay, we wish to look closely at conditions which define this current political period by taking seriously Max Horkheimer's plea to see the necessary relation of capitalism to protofascist potentials and fascist aspirations within our liberal democratic context. Drawing upon the work of Theodor Adorno, Herbert Marcuse, and others, we will look more closely at the particular political economic conditions that underlie the development of our one-dimensional society, in which "totalitarian" economic-technical control, rampant consumerism, and growing indebtedness and precarity create ripe conditions for the production of destabilizing political discourses that allow fascism to flourish in language and memes, if not necessarily within concrete statist forms that proudly proclaim the end of democracy. While noting the way in which the culture industry in its repetition of jargon helps to give vitality to antidemocratic practices and protofascist potentials, we propose certain important notes toward a critical theory of antifascism that takes seriously the imbrications of fascism and capitalism duly noted by the first generation of the Frankfurt School, one that is resolutely anti-capitalist while attempting to revive the volatility and potentiality of the "democratic void" in the service of true emancipation.

Capitalism
Politics
Democracy
Emancipation
Polity
Sociology
Political economy
Aesthetics
Law
Political science
Philosophy


The Golden Billion: Russia, <scp>COVID</scp>, Murderous Global Elites

Department of History Higher School of Economics  123 Griboedov Channel St. Petersburg Russia

Department of History, Higher School of Economics, 123 Griboedov Channel, St. Petersburg, Russia

SUMMARY This essay tells the story of the hot, brooding summer that preceded Russia’s “special military operation” attack on Ukraine: an attack that could not legally be called a war and that many people in Russia supported even while they neither trusted the media nor cared to talk about politics. Rallying support for this undeclared war, Russian state rhetoric drew on images of WWII fascism, NATO expansion, and morally rotten transnational elites: themes resonant with long‐standing feelings of hurt national pride and personal abandonment in the face of spiraling social stratification. To many of its supporters, “the war seemed a relief after many years of stagnation,” wrote the Moscow‐based journalist Shura Burtin (2022). “Like a fire in prison: at least there’ll be some commotion.” This essay describes a high point of this pregnant stagnation. Written in August 2021, it draws on over a decade of ethnographic fieldwork in North‐Western Russia to examine the idea that a “Golden Billion” of the world’s most powerful people governs to exterminate the rest of us—at a moment when this idea seemed eminently reasonable.

Politics
Pride
Rhetoric
State (computer science)
Prison
Political science
Imprisonment
Abandonment (legal)
Law
Economic history
Political economy
Sociology
History


Steve Bannon on ‘productive capitalism’: investigating the economic ideology of the American populist right

Institute of Political Science, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

Capitalism
Ideology
Sociology
Political economy
Economic history
Law
Political science
Politics
History


Second World War memory as an instrument of counter-revolution in Putin’s Russia

Centre for European, Russian, and Eurasian Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

Antisemitism
Politics
Political science
Ukrainian
State (computer science)
Parliament
Law
European union
Democracy
Political economy
Power (physics)
The Holocaust
World War II
Sociology
Economic history
History


Parallels
Politics
Political science
Economic history
History
Law
Political economy
Sociology
Engineering


“To Live with Honor, or Die”: The Metamorphosis of Place, National Symbols, Masculinities, and Practices under State Terrorism (1973-1990)

CEIHVAL, FADU-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Symbol (formal)
Honor
Metaphor
Nationalism
State (computer science)
Tone (literature)
Value (mathematics)
Sociology
Terrorism
Gender studies
Art
Aesthetics
Media studies
History
Law
Political science
Literature
Politics
Linguistics
Philosophy


A Martyr for the Resistance and the New Republic: The Uses of Giacomo Matteotti’s Memory, 1943 to 1947

When Italy surrendered to the Allies in 1943, Giacomo Matteotti's memory burst back into public space after almost twenty years of clandestine commemoration. This article focuses on the uses of Matteotti's memory during the Resistance and the transition to a new democratic Republic. It argues that Matteotti was both Italian and reformist, not revolutionary, and thus his memory appealed to partisans as a symbol of national anti-Fascism and to the Allies because he represented parliamentary democracy. The article begins by establishing the qualities of Matteotti's commemoration after his death in 1924, before examining the daily uses of that memory by those involved in Italy's fight for liberation from 1943. Finally, it identifies how representatives of Italy's new democratic institutions transposed the language of sacrifice used to remember Matteotti onto the Italian people during the construction of the Republic, representing Italians as victims, rather than perpetrators, of Fascism.

Martyr
Sacrifice
Resistance (ecology)
Democracy
Symbol (formal)
The Republic
Public space
History
Sociology
Law
Political science
Theology
Philosophy
Politics
Linguistics


Stalin, the Comintern and the Popular Front in Britain, France and Spain, 1935–1939: Some Historiographical and Political Reflections

Historiography
Front (military)
Politics
History
Ancient history
Political science
Geography
Law
Archaeology
Meteorology


Muhammadiyah and Religious Moderation: Response to Actions of Muhammadiyah to Prevent Modern Radicalism (Case Study of Leadership Period 2015 – 2021)

Bachtiar Dwi Kurniawan
David Efendi
Alam Mahadika
Moch Edward Trias Pahlevi
Azka Abdi Amrurobbi

Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

This study will narrate the response of Muhammadiyah's actions in stemming Radicalism in the leadership of Haedar Nashir, namely the period 2015 - 2021, the reaction of Muhammadiyah's Radicalism at this time, offering a Moderation program for the fight against Radicalism. After the Reformation, it experienced radicalization in ideological power. The form of Radicalism was not only in the scope of religious ideology but also entered the scope of the ideologies of liberalism, capitalism, totalitarianism to fascism. Therefore, it can be concluded that Radicalism is not only from the point of view of religious activity but also that ideology can be implemented in a system of Radicalism in the form of Economics and Politics. This research has a problem formulation, namely, how is Muhammadiyah's response in stemming Radicalism? Especially three points of view from Religious Radicalism, Economics, and Politics. This study also uses two theories, namely the theory of Moderation and the idea of Radicalism. The research method used is descriptive qualitative to examine Muhammadiyah and Moderation on the response of Muhammadiyah's leadership in 2015-2021 in stemming Radicalism related to the research questions in the background. This qualitative research uses a previous study's literature study data collection technique. The researcher also tries to take a literature review from the Connected paper application with two keywords, Muhammadiyah Moderation and Muhammadiyah Radicalism. The qualitative data analysis is interpreted by analyzing data reduction, data exposure, and drawing conclusions or verifying conclusions

Political radicalism
Moderation
Ideology
Politics
Political science
Psychology
Social psychology
Law


From Microfascism to Joyful Affects: A Posthuman Approach to Social Media Redesign

This paper scrutinizes the micropolitical fascism latent in social media platforms' algorithmic designs, which, according to Deleuze & Guattari (2009) and Crano (2022), foster desires for uniformity and control that may escalate into authoritarianism, threatening democracy and free speech. It considers the paradoxical nature of social media in enhancing connectivity while potentially inducing loneliness, an emotional state Arendt links to fascism, and their role in amplifying negative emotions, spreading disinformation, and conspiracy theories, such as QAnon. Delving into the mechanics of such designs, the paper leverages a monist informational ontology to dissect subjectivation processes and envisage overcoming these microfascist inclinations. It suggests a radical redesign of social media platforms that eschews analytics-driven narratives in favor of fostering joyful affect and novel subjectivities. This reimagining aims to detach social media storytelling from analytics and data exploitation, promoting a posthuman model for platform design that resists the generation of microfascist desires.

Posthuman
Disinformation
Social media
Posthumanism
Sociology
Foregrounding
Narrative
Authoritarianism
Aesthetics
Dystopia
Storytelling
Technoscience
Epistemology
Democracy
Computer science
Social science
Political science
Art
Philosophy
World Wide Web


Authoritarian Politics and Conspiracy Fictions: The Case of QAnon

School of Communication and Creative Arts, Deakin University, Burwood 3125, Australia

School of Communication and Creative Arts, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia

The hypothesis of this article is that, for its adherents, QAnon is truthful, rather than true; that is, it captures their perception of the way things typically happen, rather than picturing what really has happened—and it does this in a way that seems more vivid and complete than actual experience. Why that is the case can be explained in terms of the peculiar nature of fictional representations, combined with the capacity of imaginary worlds, to symbolize real-world concerns in ways that resonate with prejudices and preconceptions but escape direct censure. After reviewing the literature on the conspiracy movement, we argue for QAnon as a conspiracy story, rather than a conspiracy theory, and interpret that story as “structured like a fantasy”, giving imaginative expression to a set of social feelings and normative grievances that would otherwise not dare speak their own names. We conclude that QAnon is an authoritarian fiction centered on anti-Semitic conspiracy beliefs that disturbingly reprise key themes of fascism, but that it presents this within the symbolic disguise of a fantasy scenario that is calculated to attract alienated white, middle-class and working-class, individuals. This argument helps explicate adherents’ resistance to the falsification of Q claims and predictions.

Fantasy
Authoritarianism
Normative
Politics
Argument (complex analysis)
Aesthetics
Sociology
Resistance (ecology)
Epistemology
The Imaginary
Psychology
Literature
Psychoanalysis
Philosophy
Law
Democracy
Art
Political science


Fascist transnationalism during the occupation of Albania (1939–43)

Black Hills State University, Spearfish, USA

Abstract This article links the study of transnational and imperial fascism in the context of the Italian occupation of Albania by examining how Italian authorities sought to turn Albanians abroad into assets rather than liabilities. Organising and monitoring Albanians occurred through conferences, youth institutions and consular activities. Studying such concrete contacts and negotiations allows us to explore the practical issues latent in expanding fascist political subjectivity in transnational and imperial contexts. On the one hand, Italians hoped to verse Albanians in a fascist identity by using existing organisational strategies while silencing or converting potential anti-Italian critics. On the other, many Albanians expressed and offered support for these Italian efforts, though with reservations and conditions, raising questions as to what it meant to be an Albanian nationalist and/or fascist in the years of occupation. The Albanian case therefore contributes to our understanding of the tensions inherent in ‘universalising’ fascism for colonial subjects.

Transnationalism
Political science
Politics
Law


Imperism as political nomos in Russia and beyond

Department of Humanities, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy

Department of Humanities, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy

Nationalism
Politics
Authoritarianism
Epistemology
State (computer science)
Sociology
Political economy
Law
Political science
Philosophy
Democracy


Terrorism as a conceptual site for power struggles: problematization of terrorism in Turkey in the 1970s

European Journal of International Relations

In critical terrorism analysis, (counter-)terrorism is thought to be a discursive formation of power/knowledge comprised of some security experts from governments, the media, and academics. However, this one-sided articulation ignores the struggles in the concept of terrorism between historical narratives and counter-narratives, and it may be understood as a conceptual site where different political actors interpret it universally to strengthen or resist preexisting power relations. This article proposes that the problematization of terrorism can be studied by evaluating opposing narratives produced by political actors aiming to assert their power positions, drawing on Foucault’s analysis of problematization. From this theoretical perspective, this article examines how terrorism was problematized in relation to political violence in Turkey between 1971 and 1977, and how political actors used the concept of terrorism as a site for power struggle to gain dominant positions or weaken others, insofar as discrete ideological attitudes (communism and neo-fascism/racism, respectively) were abnormalized by universalizing them as a part of “international” terrorism. In this sense, the article contends that examining terrorism as a “universalized” site of power struggle can improve the analytical framework of critical terrorism studies by integrating the possibility of counter-narratives and, as a result, contradictions in the terrorism discourse.

Problematization
Terrorism
Sociology
Narrative
Politics
Power (physics)
Ideology
Epistemology
Political violence
Law
Political economy
Political science
Philosophy


Department of Philosophy Southern Illinois University Carbondale, USA

Eidos A Journal for Philosophy of Culture

Aleksandr Dugin is sometimes called “Putin’s brain,” and there can be no question that Putin’s global strategy for expanding Russian power has followed quite precisely a strategic plan created, published, and advocated by Dugin beginning in 1996. This aggressive plan of political destabilization, economic hostage-taking, and ultimately militaristic invasions has been defended with a philosophical patchwork called “the Fourth Political Theory.” Dugin claims his “National Bolshevism” can stand alongside communism, fascism, and liberalism as a genuine contender in ontology, the philosophy of history, and political philosophy; and that it is the only theory that stands in genuine opposition to neo-liberalism and corporate capitalism. I show that this view, built from a distortion of Heidegger’s idea of “human-being” as Dasein, is not a coherent philosophy or worldview. I contrast it with personalism, which has always opposed the very aspects of communism, fascism, and liberalism that Dugin opposes, and does so quite effectively and without militarism, expansionism, or the need to take the nation state as some final end of human political development.

Politics
Political science
Computer science
Law


The Italian Americans’ pro-fascist lobby in the United States: Continuities and discontinuities with the liberal regime

Allegiance
Opposition (politics)
Political science
Politics
Nationality
Immigration
Citizenship
Naturalization
Political economy
Economic history
Homeland
Law
Sociology
History


Antifascism as an educational question and openness as a meta-value

Openness to experience
Value (mathematics)
Political science
Psychology
Social psychology
Statistics
Mathematics


‘A League of Minds’? Uses and abuses of the League of Nations’ internationalism by Fascist Italy

Internationalism (politics)
League
Political science
Economic history
Law
History
Politics
Physics


The ‘fascist threat’ in Berlusconi’s Italy

Still frequent today in the Italian political-media arena, the use of the term 'fascist' as an epithet aimed at opponents who do not proclaim themselves to be such, in order to discredit them in the eyes of democratic public opinion, is a custom in the history of Italian Republic. 'Fascist' has thus become an inflated insult, since over the years it has been addressed to a multitude of different political subjects. At the same time, its meaning has become increasingly blurred, losing relevance to the historical phenomenon to which it refers. In recent times, a paradigmatic case was recorded between the 1990s and the first decade of the 21st century, when the alarm over a flowering fascist threat was reiterated with regard to Silvio Berlusconi's government. After the end of the First Republic, the profound transformation of the political framework, and Berlusconi's entry onto the scene, the category of fascism was in fact relaunched in an attempt to delegitimise a right-wing coalition that in turn sometimes retracted the values of anti-fascism. By examining the political-media debate of the period between the birth of Forza Italia and the fall of the last Berlusconi's government, the aim of the essay is to highlight these tendencies to actualise the past, bending it to one's own needs, with effects that are still visible in today's scenario of political communication.


On Antiutopianism in Pragmatics and Narrative

Narrative Fable Pragmatics Fantasy Literature Sociology Aesthetics Art Philosophy Linguistics


Al Capone e i gangster visti dalla Francia: una mafia di cui si mantenne nell’ombra il nome

Comparative Cultural Studies - European and Latin American Perspectives

The appearance in the French press of Al Capone’s banditry compensates the supposed victory of fascism against the Mafia. In the space of a few years, it reveals a new criminality whose operating modes equal those of the Mafia. But this press, dazzled by the violence and novelty of this banditry fails to grasp its similarities to the Mafia. Exposing the ways in which French journalists reveals this criminality, the article questions the reasons why they do not see its proximity to the Mafia.

Victory
Nome
Humanities
Novelty
Art
Philosophy
Political science
Law
Theology
Mathematics
Politics


Zapatista micropolitics and antifascist education


Fascist Cultural Diplomacy and Italian Foreign Policy in Norway from the 1930s until the Second World War

Department of Historical and Classical Studies, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

This article aims to highlight the diplomatic relations between Italy and Norway during the fascist period, until the regime collapsed at the end of the Second World War. In particular, the paper seeks to reconstruct the main features of Mussolini's foreign policy, how it was perceived in Norway, how and how the propaganda machine of the Italian authorities tried to influence the image of fascism in Norway. The analysis of the relations between these two states will follow the constraints of foreign policy, which was characterized by alternating phases of openness and secrecy. Consequently, rather than a single phase, there were many stages in the diplomatic relations between the two countries. Cultural diplomacy played a significant role in the two countries' relations; these included numerous events and trips to Italy, organized by the fascist regime, for Norwegian intellectuals. These served to overcome the geographical distance, and showed a new face for Italy, which was more cultured and linked to its cultural heritage.

Diplomacy
Openness to experience
Norwegian
Foreign policy
Political science
Diplomatic history
World War II
Secrecy
Foreign relations
International relations
TRIPS architecture
Economic history
Political economy
Economy
History
Law
Sociology
Politics
Economics


On Withdrawal (into Darkness): George Jackson and the Imperative to Abandon Reformism

Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States

TOPIA Canadian Journal of Cultural Studies

George (robot)
Darkness
Psychoanalysis
Art
Environmental ethics
Art history
History
Philosophy
Psychology
Biology
Botany


“Warphans” and “Quiet” Heroines: Depictions of Chinese Women and Children in the <i>Comité mondial des femmes contre la guerre et le fascisme's</i> Campaigns during the Second Sino-Japanese War

Faculty of Arts and Creative Industries University of Sunderland St Peters Campus, St Peters Way Sunderland SR6 0DD, United Kingdom

Abstract The Comité mondial des femmes contre la guerre et le fascisme (CMF) was an international organization formed under the direction of the Communist International in 1934 in response to the threat of Nazi fascism. However, it did not restrict its activities to tackling issues in Germany; it expanded its remit to confront many of the crises that marked the mid- to late-1930s across the globe. This article analyses the CMF's work to aid civilians and refugees during the Second Sino-Japanese War. It discusses how the predominantly European committee perpetuated some essentialist and imperialist assumptions in its work and how they utilized violent and emotive language in the “Warphans” child sponsorship fundraising scheme. However, the committee also provided spaces for Chinese women to vocalize their experiences to women in the West, creating an effective humanitarian aid strategy.

Political science
Communism
Emotive
Law
Gender studies
Nazism
Globe
Sociology
Media studies
Politics
Psychology


Misanthropology: the makers of <i>Siliva the Zulu</i>

Africa Bibliography Research and Documentation

Zulu
Reputation
Racism
Value (mathematics)
History
Prejudice (legal term)
Sociology
Art
Gender studies
Political science
Law
Philosophy
Social science
Linguistics
Computer science


Red meets brown: investigating the antiliberal political convergence of Italy’s extremes

Independent Researcher and Adjunct Professor, Faculty of Humanities, Italian Studies, University of Turku, Finland

Abstract This study examines the political communication strategies of the Italian Marxist-Leninist and neo-Stalinist party, Sovereign and Popular Democracy (DSP), through a qualitative thematic analysis of its online discourse. The analysis identifies the core elements of the party’s agenda and assesses their potential alignment with the red-brownist movement, often linked to the pro-Russian far right. The research investigates the historical and political intersections between the Stalinist communist sphere and the postfascist Eurasianist and red-brownist factions. Particular attention is given to their shared anti-Western stance and historical connections to ‘left-wing fascism’ in the post-Second World War era. Italy provides a crucial case study, given its postwar role as a hub for radical movements on both the left and the right. The analysis also considers the ideological trajectory of the Italian far-right, particularly the Jeune Europe movement, to situate DSP’s discourse within broader historical and ideological frameworks.

Ideology
Politics
Marxist philosophy
Extreme right
Democracy
Communism
Political science
Left and right
Convergence (economics)
Far right
Sociology
Political economy
Sovereignty
Law


Department of Political Science, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, 116 38 Prague 1, Czech Republic

In the introduction, the paper identifies three main formal problems of Petr Drulák as a political thinker: (1) excessive thematic ambition, (2) contradiction of content and form, and (3) a tendency to schematism and essentialism. Then the paper illustrates these formal shortcomings by pointing to six contentious moments in his book Podvojný svět [The Dual World]: (1) an overly polarizing depiction of the contradiction between polytheism and monotheism, (2) an emphasis on naturalism in his own solution, (3) a one-sided conception of Central Europe, (4) an overly schematizing depiction of Czech history, and (5) a problematic substitution of “democracy without adjectives” for a liberal democracy that fails to address guarantees of freedoms as its necessary preconditions. In the sixth section, the paper discusses the similarities and differences between Drulák’s position and fascism. It concludes that Drulák has more in common with the Czech “monotheistic prophets” Masaryk and Havel than he would admit.

Depiction
Contradiction
Czech
Monotheism
Philosophy
Democracy
Epistemology
Slovak
Politics
Sociology
Law
Theology
Political science
Linguistics


A discussion on Nel cantiere della memoria. Fascismo, Resistenza, Shoah, Foibe, by Filippo Focardi, Rome, Viella, 2020. With Valeria Galimi, Philip Cooke and Filippo Focardi

The centenary of the March on Rome has prompted Modern Italy's Contexts and Debates section to focus on the public uses of history in reference to interwar Fascism. We are looking into the ‘Past, Present, and Future of the Italian Memory of Fascism’, to borrow the title of Guido Bartolini's interviews that were published in our issue 27 (4), 2022. While commemorations and anniversaries shouldn't inherently influence academic research agendas, a broader understanding of public memory can help us to understand the current political mood in Italy. For example, it can explain why the centennial and other comparable ‘fascist’ anniversaries now have little meaning for most of the Italian public and are scarcely addressed by politicians. Indeed, most Italians seems to suffer from political amnesia. The condition is so serious that not even a dramatic occurrence such as the victory of the proudly post-fascist Fratelli d'Italia party at the election of September 2022 has proved able to cure it. Happening just a few days before the centenary of the March on Rome, the electoral results were surely expected to elicit a strong reaction by left-wing politicians and intellectuals – perhaps a mass demonstration, like the one that took place in Milan on 25 April 1994, in the aftermath of the first victory of Silvio Berlusconi's right-wing coalition, when another post-fascist party, Alleanza Nazionale , took power. Yet nothing of that sort has happened in 2022. Why?

Victory
Politics
The Holocaust
Power (physics)
Nothing
Populism
Humanities
History
Classics
Political science
Law
Sociology
Economic history
Media studies
Art
Philosophy


Converging Histories: South Korea’s Martial Law Crisis in a Global Conjunctural Frame

Frame (networking)
Martial law
Martial arts
Political science
History
Law
Archaeology
Computer science


Opting for the national: the failure of the Lithuanian Committee for the Universality of Rome, 1934–1939

The 19th c. History Department, Lithuanian Institute of History, Vilnius, Lithuania

Lithuanian
Demise
Politics
Universality (dynamical systems)
Political science
Section (typography)
Law
Public administration
Business
Philosophy
Physics


RUSCISM AS A NEW VERSION OF TOTALITARIANISM

Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economic Nauki, Kharkiv,  Ukrаine

The Journal of V N Karazin Kharkov National University Issues of Political Science

This paper is devoted to clarifying the essence of ruscism as a phenomenon of modern socio-political reality. It is noted that the concept of ruscism appeared in public and scientific circulation as a result of the formation of Putin's regime in Russia, and its spread is connected with the beginning of the full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war. Although this concept has already received its interpretations in the publications of a number of analysts, there is still no complete conceptual understanding of it. The author believes that the conceptual understanding of ruscism should be carried out within the framework of totalitarian studies, since it is a new version of totalitarianism. The idea of ruscism as a simple imitation of fascism and Nazism is refuted. The emphasis is placed on his historical Russian roots. Attention is drawn to the facts that, firstly, Russian statehood originates in the Golden Horde, from which it inherited the despotic character of government and aggressive foreign policy; secondly, Russia has never had long periods of democratic rule in the course of its historical development; thirdly, the first totalitarian regime in the modern world arose precisely in Russia; fourthly, under Stalin, it acquired the greatest totalitarian quality in history. The author emphasizes that ruscism cannot be considered a simple resuscitation of Stalinism, because it arose in the new historical conditions of the development of both Russia and its international environment, which determined its peculiarities. The peculiarities of ruscism as a new version of totalitarianism are that: the creation of a totalitarian party, the formation of a broad totalitarian movement, and the development of a totalitarian doctrine took place already after Putin acquired state power; the Russian political system is formally multi-party; the control of the political regime over the functioning of the economy is carried out not so much by formal state institutions as by Putin's informal clan.

Ukrainian
Nazism
Politics
Democracy
Political science
Simple (philosophy)
Phenomenon
Epistemology
Law
History
Sociology
Political economy
Philosophy


Theories of Antifascism in the Interwar Mediterranean Part I

The current proliferation of authoritarianism across both core and periphery is one political articulation of the current crisis of the capitalist world-system. Authoritarianism similarly proliferated in previous periods of crisis, in the 1970s and 80s in the peripheries, and in the 1930s and 40s in the core. In Part I of this essay, I detail how world-systems analysts have long been attuned to describing and analyzing chaotic moments in between systemic cycles of hegemony, but less attention has been given to the rise of authoritarianism in these chaotic phases. The multiple crises of hegemonic transition engenders an ideological contestation between Fascism and Communism revealing the limitations of Liberalism, the foundational ideology of the world-system. In such periods of hegemonic breakdown, anarchists developed autonomous strategies of resisting authoritarian rule at both the point of production (the worker-occupied and self-managed workplace) and at the point of leisure (the autonomous zone of the infoshop or café as resources and interventions in the joint struggle against capitalism and authoritarianism. These theories are important to recover for the contemporary fight against a resurgent authoritarianism across the world-system in the current conjuncture.

Authoritarianism
Hegemony
Ideology
Capitalism
Political economy
Political science
Politics
Economic system
Sociology
Economics
Democracy
Law


“Mussolini's Column”: Fascist Memorials and the Politics of Italian American Identity in Chicago

Politics
History
Statue
Spanish Civil War
Identity (music)
Tribute
Historiography
Cognitive reframing
Classics
Ethnic group
Art history
Ancient history
Art
Law
Archaeology
Political science